The three individuals mentioned in the question represent the church. The minister is somewhat obvious. In many ways, he is the voice of a church, because he is the person delivering spiritual messages and teachings to the people in attendance. Deacon Gookin has a similar church leadership role as a church deacon. Deacons are elected members of a church to be servant-leaders. They are often in charge of the church's finances, and they are also the church members tasked with intentionally finding ways to help people within the church. Goody Cloyse might not be an elected member of the church council; however, her knowledge of the faith and the denomination are deep enough for her to be entrusted with teaching young people their catechism. The catechism is a summary of the principles of the Christian religion. It is formatted in a question and answer style.
When the devil points out...
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Goody Cloyse on the path, young Goodman Brown notes that she is the elderly woman of unimpeachable reputation in town who taught him his catechism when he was young; in fact, she is still, along with the minister and Deacon Gookin, a spiritual advisor for Brown. These three people, jointly, represent the church. They are all thought to be beyond moral reproach, and they are responsible for helping to lead the community down a righteous path. It is very ironic, then, that Brown spots Goody Cloyse, and later hears the deacon and minister, on the path because he would never have expected them to be on their way to the witches' Sabbath. They are the community's best examples of morality, and so if eventhey are in league with the devil, it seems that there can be little hope, if any, for anyone else to maintain innocence.
Their guilt also seems like an indictment of Puritan society by Hawthorne. If even the most moral folks in this community are corrupt, then that says nothing positive about Puritans: instead, they seem hypocritical and false.