American stage comedies of the 1930s often prioritized generating laughter over imparting profound insights, epitomized by the works of George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart. While their plays like Once in a Lifetime and You Can’t Take It with You were primarily comedic, they also incorporated elements of social satire and commentary. Yet, these elements were frequently softened by romantic sentimentalism that ensured a reconciliatory happy ending.

The Plot and Themes of "You Can’t Take It With You"

In You Can’t Take It with You, Kaufman and Hart crafted a plot that resonated deeply with American audiences by featuring a good-hearted protagonist who stands against societal norms. Grandpa Vanderhof, the central character, embodies American values of individualism and common sense, eschewing traditional pursuits of wealth and social status. By rejecting societal conventions, Grandpa offers a gentle yet profound critique of the systems that govern everyday life.

Comedy and Social Anarchy

Comedy often dances on the edge of social anarchy, where iconic figures like Shakespeare’s Falstaff or the Three Stooges draw laughter by breaking societal rules. Such comedic chaos not only entertains but also provides a cathartic reassurance, where the disruption of norms ultimately leads to a reaffirmation of core human values such as love and family. This comedic formula is evident in You Can’t Take It with You, where Kaufman and Hart introduce "normal" characters into the eccentric universe of the Sycamore family, resulting in a collision of contrasting values.

Clash of Values

The play ingeniously flips the traditional comedic script by having conventional characters visit the unconventional world of the Sycamores. This encounter highlights the disparity between the mundane values represented by the Kirbys—money, prestige, and the sacrifice of personal happiness for success—and the free-spirited nature of the Sycamore family. The audience is led to sympathize with the Sycamores, while the Kirbys, with their rigid adherence to societal norms, are subtly critiqued, exposing the superficiality of their values.

Satire or Celebration?

While some might interpret You Can’t Take It with You as a satirical take on the American Dream, this interpretation is not entirely accurate. Historically, American theater has not been a stronghold for satire, and Kaufman himself, despite his sharp wit, was skeptical about the commercial viability of theatrical satire. Moreover, both Kaufman and Hart, who ascended from humble beginnings to prominence in the New York theater scene, were not inclined to fundamentally challenge the traditional ethos of hard work leading to success. Instead, the play’s enduring charm lies in its humorous appeal to distinctly American traits: a skepticism of wealth and power along with empathy for the underdog.

The Play’s Enduring Popularity

The play’s success and continued relevance can be attributed to its comedic celebration of individuality over conformity, and the prioritization of personal happiness over material gain. By focusing on these themes, Kaufman and Hart tapped into a popular narrative of the time, one that questioned the relentless pursuit of success while celebrating the quirky, unorthodox lifestyle of the Sycamores. This narrative, appealing to the American spirit, explains why You Can’t Take It with You remains a beloved fixture in the annals of American theater.