Themes: Victorian Gender Roles
Several characters in Wuthering Heights defy traditional Victorian gender roles, suggesting through their behavior that the social standards typical of this time period in British history are confining and unrealistic. During the Victorian era, expectations for women were particularly limiting; if women did not strictly conform to the social norms that guided so-called ladylike behaviors and interests, they risked their reputation and that of their family. Catherine’s wild behavior as a young girl, before her convalescence at Thrushcross Grange, embodies masculine traits that Victorians would have associated with boys and young men. Rather than sit at home with needlework or another quiet hobby, Catherine roams the moors with Heathcliff in search of adventure.
During her time with the Lintons, Catherine learns to tamp down her rebellious impulses and to behave, instead, like a proper lady; however, this change only brings her misery, suggesting that fulfilling society’s expectations does not result in greater personal happiness or fulfillment. Though Catherine lives and behaves as a proper wife for years, Heathcliff’s reappearance brings out the passionate intensity of her emotions. Ultimately, Catherine’s behavior challenges the Victorian view of femininity by suggesting that women are just as capable as men of feeling powerful and uncontrollable emotions like rage or passion. Indeed, it is telling that Catherine’s temporary embrace of Victorian gender roles and subsequent transformation into a lady is what causes a painful rift between herself and Heathcliff, setting into motion the chain of events that ends in their mutual destruction.
Edgar Linton, Catherine’s husband, acts as a foil to his wife. Though his sensitivity, gentleness, and polite behavior may align more with the Victorian notions of femininity than masculinity, Edgar, as a man, has rights that none of the female characters do: namely, his ownership of Thrushcross Grange. Edgar may be weak in temperament and body, but his ownership of property makes him powerful.
Expert Q&A
Does Bronte's portrayal of women in Wuthering Heights align with or defy contemporary stereotypes?
Bronte's portrayal of women in Wuthering Heights both aligns with and defies contemporary stereotypes. While women were typically confined to domestic roles, some characters exhibit masculine traits, gaining freedoms atypical for their time. However, stereotypical "female weaknesses" ultimately contribute to Catherine's downfall, highlighting the constraints of a patriarchal society. Heathcliff's abusive behavior towards Catherine further underscores the oppressive dynamics women faced in that era.
What role does social convention play in Wuthering Heights?
Social convention in Wuthering Heights acts as an antagonist, influencing characters like Catherine Earnshaw, who struggles between societal expectations and her true desires. Catherine's attraction to Edgar Linton represents her submission to societal norms, leading to personal turmoil and eventual death. Heathcliff, in contrast, defies conventions, using them for revenge. The novel highlights the tension between following one's heart and adhering to societal demands, particularly regarding marriage and class status.
How does Wuthering Heights relate to feminist literature?
Wuthering Heights relates to feminist literature by highlighting the need for gender equality and showcasing the different societal expectations placed on women compared to men. The novel serves as a critique of the gender norms of its time, illustrating how these expectations affect the lives and choices of its female characters. By exploring these themes, the novel aligns with feminist ideals advocating for women's rights and equality.
Is Cathy Earnshaw from Wuthering Heights a headstrong child rather than a tragic, romantic heroine?
Cathy Earnshaw is initially depicted as a headstrong and self-centered child, aware of her social status and often manipulative. Her decisions, such as marrying Edgar Linton for status rather than love, highlight her selfishness. However, as her life unfolds, she becomes a tragic romantic heroine, falling from privilege due to her flaws. Cathy's tragic flaw—her selfishness and misplaced love—leads to her demise, aligning her with the characteristics of a tragic heroine.
How does Heathcliff's jealousy and possessiveness over Catherine reflect male dominance in society?
How does Wuthering Heights depict brutal truths of domestic life, economic dispossession, and social exclusion?
Wuthering Heights depicts brutal truths that include the realities of domestic life, economic dispossession, and social exclusion in the character of Heathcliff. Heathcliff has experienced all of these brutal truths throughout his life. This is why he’s such a marginalized figure in society and why he feels so out of place.
The portrayal of women and their potential as heroes in Wuthering Heights
Wuthering Heights portrays women as complex characters with the potential to be heroes. Catherine Earnshaw demonstrates strength, passion, and defiance against societal norms, while Nelly Dean shows resilience and moral fortitude. Both characters exhibit qualities that challenge traditional gender roles, highlighting women's capacity for heroism within the constraints of their time.
Feminist analysis of the relationships and characterizations of Catherine and the second Catherine in Wuthering Heights
A feminist analysis of the relationships and characterizations of Catherine and the second Catherine in Wuthering Heights highlights the constraints imposed on them by patriarchal society. Both characters struggle with societal expectations and personal desires, showcasing the limited agency women had. Catherine Earnshaw's passionate nature contrasts with her niece's more subdued demeanor, reflecting different responses to the same oppressive environment.
Get Ahead with eNotes
Start your 48-hour free trial to access everything you need to rise to the top of the class. Enjoy expert answers and study guides ad-free and take your learning to the next level.
Already a member? Log in here.
