It is particularly the aftermath of WWI and the Treaty of Versailles that contributed to the rise of fascism in Europe. Italy's frustrations over their role in the treaty negotiations led to a government crisis and the eventual rise of Benito Mussolini a few years later.

The central issue with Versailles, however, was the treatment of Germany. The Germans were forced to admit to being solely responsible for the losses of the war. War reparations were severe and led to hyperinflation and the near collapse of the German economy in the 1920s. In the chaos of this period, many of the traditional elements of the German power structure came to be questioned. Radicalism and antisemitism thrived and nationalism grew. Key pieces of German territory, like the Ruhr Valley with its valuable coal mines, were taken out of the country's hands. Germany was also prevented from having all but the most minimal military force.

Out of this crucible arose German fascism. Hitler came to power with promises to restore German strength and sovereignty, regain lost territories (and acquire new ones), and rebuild Germany's military greatness. All this led to the outbreak of World War II.