A Wizard of Earthsea explores the journey of a young fantasy hero coming of age. Although Ged, the protagonist, possesses the potential for remarkable magical abilities, he shares the common challenges of childhood; he must learn to take responsibility for himself and others to transition into adulthood. Ged's journey is unique because of his talents, which require him to understand and master them. However, he must also navigate the universal path of growing up. In Le Guin's perspective, this journey involves gaining a deep understanding of oneself and the world around them. Ged needs to learn patience, active listening, awareness of the world beyond himself, and the importance of acting for the collective good rather than personal pride. He must discover the true extent and limitations of his powers. Ultimately, he must find his identity by fully owning his choices and actions.

Despite being a fantastical character in a magical realm, Ged is akin to any naturally gifted child. The fantasy setting magnifies the typical challenges faced by gifted children as they mature. Ged's growth unfolds through a series of thrilling and often poignant adventures. Beyond Ged himself, the fantasy, and the adventure, one of the novel's key appeals is Le Guin's ability to portray the friendships that render Ged's triumphs and failures so significant.