Hospitality
Hospitality is an inherent quality among many characters in The Wind in the Willows. The narrative is filled with moments where animals offer one another food or shelter. At times, these acts are friendly exchanges, like when Rat frequently dines with the Otters or introduces Mole to Toad. In other instances, the need is urgent, such as when Badger offers sanctuary to Rat and Mole during a snowstorm and later to two lost hedgehogs. The most significant display of hospitality in the story is Rat's invitation to Mole to live with him, which lasts for at least a year, despite them having just met. There is no mention of payment or the expectation of a return favor; it is simply accepted. Shortly after Mole is invited to stay, the text notes, “When they got home, the Rat made a bright fire in the parlor. . . .” It doesn’t specify “when they got to Rat’s home” because it has become a shared home for both of them.
Forgiveness
In The Wind in the Willows, forgiveness is given freely and effortlessly, regardless of the seriousness of the wrongdoing. When Mole apologizes to Rat for taking the oars, causing both himself and the lunch basket to fall into the water, Rat promptly responds, “That’s all right, bless you!” He even invites Mole to stay with him for a while so that Mole can learn how to row and swim.
Throughout the story, Toad is repeatedly forgiven for much more significant transgressions. Even four Weasels, who are captured during the reclaiming of Toad Hall, receive kind treatment after expressing regret: “They were very penitent, and said they were extremely sorry. . . . So I [Mole] gave them a roll apiece, and let them out at the back, and off they ran.” Toad also pardons a Weasel who returns to Toad Hall eager to be helpful. With only a slight air of superiority, Toad pats the Weasel on the head and sends him on an errand.
Humility
Although the text offers few explicit examples of humility, it remains a central theme because it is a virtue that Toad, one of the main characters, desperately needs to learn. His friends show remarkable patience as Toad repeatedly embarrasses them with his foolish antics. As Rat points out, “Do you suppose it is any pleasure for me . . . to hear animals saying . . . that I’m the chap that keeps company with jailbirds?”
Ultimately, after facing numerous challenging situations that Toad only manages to get through with the help of kind strangers and the steadfast support of his friends, he finally learns humility. Even when Otter commends him during the celebration for reclaiming Toad Hall, Toad humbly replies, "I merely served in the ranks and did little or nothing."
Compassion
The storyline of The Wind in the Willows often centers on characters helping one another. Toad frequently requires assistance. His friends—Badger, Mole, and Rat—are always there to support him, whether it's by locking him in a room to cure his car obsession or by planning to reclaim Toad Hall from the Stoats and Weasels. Toad's escape from jail would have been impossible without the goodwill of strangers. The jailer's daughter feels sorry for Toad because she can't stand to see animals suffer. The train driver helps Toad from the moment they meet, initially believing Toad is a washerwoman and later discovering he is an escapee. The men from whom Toad steals a car are too angry to help him as himself, but they willingly assist him when he is in disguise as a washerwoman.
Toad isn't the only character who encounters difficulties. As soon...
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as Rat understands that Mole is lost in the Wild Wood, he immediately goes to find him. When Rat and Mole both become lost in a snowstorm, Badger saves them from freezing by offering them shelter in his home. Concerned for Rat and Mole, Otter also arrives at Badger’s place and offers to guide them back home. Rat and Mole later return the favor by locating Otter’s son, Portly, when he disappears.
Home
In The Wind in the Willows, a tension arises between the comfort of staying at home and the urge to explore new horizons. At the story's outset, Mole, tired of spring-cleaning, decides to leave his home, feeling an irresistible pull from above. Throughout most of the book, Mole resides away from his underground dwelling, returning just once when another powerful impulse calls him back. The narrative uses the word "imperiously" to describe both urges, emphasizing the equal intensity of these calls.
Rat experiences a similar internal struggle. Typically, he enjoys the comforts of home; during the cart trip with Toad and while visiting Badger’s residence, his longing to return to his cozy riverbank hole is evident. However, in the chapter “Wayfarers All,” he becomes determined to pursue the adventures described by the Sea Rat. Ultimately, it is only through intervention that he is stopped from leaving.
The retaking of Toad Hall symbolizes that home is something worth protecting. Yet Toad, perhaps more than the other main characters, is consumed by a powerful wanderlust, as demonstrated when he urges Rat before the cart trip:
You surely don’t mean to stick to your dull, musty old river all your life, and just live in a hole in a bank, and boat? I want to show you the world! I’m going to make an animal of you, my boy!
By the book’s end, there is no suggestion that Rat, Toad, and Badger have not returned to their homes. As for Mole, it remains uncertain whether he continues to live with Rat or goes back to his own charming abode. The "joy and contentment" they all feel does not rely on whether they reside near or far from their home. The Wind in the Willows explores the appeal of both options without dictating which one to choose.