illustrated portrait of English playwright and poet William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare

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Student Question

What are some strategies for reading Shakespeare?

Quick answer:

To effectively read Shakespeare, try reading the text aloud, as the plays were meant to be performed. Use audio versions for a fuller experience. Break down the text into smaller parts to analyze language and meter. Familiarize yourself with Shakespeare's biography and the Elizabethan context. Utilize modern English translations alongside the original text, watch performances, and read plot summaries. Engage with professional criticisms and re-read the plays to deepen understanding.

Expert Answers

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The best way to read Shakespeare is out loud.  You cannot just curl up in your chair and read.  The plays were meant to be performed!  An audio version that is word for word is really the best way to enjoy the full experience, short of a stage presentation.

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I like to break it into smaller parts for my students...we look at one speech and study language, meter, and effects when delivered different ways.  You will find tons of resources on this at the Folger Shakespeare site.  The link is below.

http://www.folger.edu/

Also check out No Fear Shakespeare and the resources for teaching Shakespeare here at enotes.

 http://www.enotes.com/topics/how-teach-shakespeare-first-time

http://www.enotes.com/blogs/english-teacher-blog/2008-01/teaching-shakespeare-institute/

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If you are having a difficult time with Shakespeare, there are several things you can do. First, go ahead and read the eNotes plot summary. Shakespeare's language is easier when you already know what is going on. Secondly, as you are reading, try to read out loud and with the punctuation. Do not stop at the end of lines. Try to summarize lines in small sections in your own words. As you get more comfortable with the language, then read some criticism as see if it makes sense to you.

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Charles and Mary Lamb and Evelyn Nesbit have written beautiful story versions that are very readable for all ages. If you read it as a story without the dialogue or unfamiliar dialect and language, you will get a feel for the plot and characters. You will understand the story better. "Read a great plot synopsis; Find an annotated copy of the work you would like to read; Get comfortable and read once through the play. In this quick preliminary reading you should focus on learning the meanings of difficult words, and, as you read, you should start to become familiar with the personalities of the characters. Rent, buy, or borrow from your local library the BBC production of the play, or any audio version. Read the play again. By now you should have a solid understanding of the key passages."

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How should you study Shakespeare?

In an individual study ("you"?) of William Shakespeare and his works, there are many factors that contribute to the gleaning of comprehension, perspective and insight. Here are some ways to learn from Shakespeare:

1. Become familiar of Shakespeare's personal history. In order to understand his sonnets and plays, his biography is important.

2. Become familiar with the Elizabethan Age and its political climate and culture and beliefs such as The Chain of Being. Truly, Shakespeare's cultural background profoundly contributes to the meanings and themes of his dramas. One Shakespearean critic writes,

This Chain of Being constitutes the plot structure of Shakespeare's plays, the psychology of his characters, the imagery that informs their speeches, and their fates they must confront.

As an example of how essential it is to know about the Chain of Being and other cultural beliefs as well as the politics of the Elizabethan Age, consider MacbethAs a semi-divine monarch, the king plays an important role of the Elizabethan World Order. Therefore, regicide is regarded as a heinous offense and one that upsets the order of life, allowing preternatural forces more influence, as well as other forms of disorder. Also, when Shakespeare first wrote Macbeth, King James I was ruler of England and represented the union of Scotland and England since he had previously been James VI of Scotland and had inherited the throne from Banquo and Fleance. So, for political correctness, Shakespeare modified his plot, creating Macbeth as the villain when in real life he was a very humane king who promoted Christianity. Also, Shakespeare included witchcraft in his play knowing that James I was fascinated with it.

3. Read Shakespeare with the Modern English translations next to it. Here at Enotes, the text of the plays is presented in this manner; by reading the original text with reference to the modern English affords meaning. Yet, this arrangement allows students to learn to appreciate the beauty of Shakespeare's language as they gather the meaning at the same time.

4. Viewing Shakespeare's plays is absolutely invaluable to learning about them. After all, they are primarily dramas and viewing a great actor's interpretation of a character while seeing the action does much for the student's comprehension as the content comes alive on stage. [In tragedies, often humorous passages are lost on readers, but when the actors perform their lines as comedy, awareness of the comic relief, etc. is inevitable.)

5. Reading professional criticisms on the play that is being studied is essential to learning.  In these criticisms there are explications, interpretations, and critiques which assist the student in gleaning knowledge and insights. Of course, Harold Bloom is the "doyen" of American literary critics, and his Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human is an indispensable source. In a review, the Houston Chronicle called it "Part guidebook, part encomium, part history and criticism" as well as "provocative."

6. After reading professional criticisms, it is advantageous to return to the plays and read them again and again as there are so many levels on which to enjoy them. Clearly, as Bloom writes, 

Shakespeare informs the language we speak, his principal characters have become our mythology, and he, rather than his involuntary follower Freud, is our psychologist.

Indeed, there is much to glean from the study of Shakespeare and the personal reward is in this wondrous gathering.

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Judging from the asker, you are seeking a discussion of ways to approach Shakespeare as an individual or in the classroom. My contribution is to first study the life of the texts themselves, the actual editions, clean and corrupted, of one play, probably a comedy, to understand how the work of Shakespeare is a “recipe” to “bake” onstage, not simply a piece of pure literature made to be read. Of course, I was a student of Fredson Bowers, so that would be my slant on it.

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