William Faulkner is widely regarded as a central figure in twentieth-century American literature, celebrated for his complex narratives that intricately weave the cultural and historical fabric of the American South. His literary landscape is predominantly centered on the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, a microcosm of Southern society that mirrors his own Mississippi roots. Faulkner's work is deeply rooted in the Southern oral tradition, crafting an expansive literary tapestry that explores universal human truths beyond mere regionalism. As Hlavsa highlights, Faulkner's modernist influences are evident in his innovative narrative techniques, which include shifting perspectives and non-linear timelines. These stylistic choices challenge readers and enrich the depiction of "the human heart in conflict with itself," a theme central to Faulkner's Nobel Prize acceptance speech.

Faulkner's evolution as a writer saw him transition from poetry to prose, with significant breakthroughs such as The Sound and the Fury, renowned for its complex structure and psychological depth. His works like Sanctuary, As I Lay Dying, and Light in August demonstrate his ability to merge narrative innovation with profound thematic explorations, as discussed by Slaughter and Duvall. His controversial and stark depictions, particularly in Sanctuary, which Malcolm Cowley praises for its exploration of evil, solidified his reputation.

Faulkner's narratives are characterized by their deep psychological insight and intricate character development, transcending regional boundaries to address broader human themes. His short stories further extend the historical and cultural narratives of Yoknapatawpha County, showcasing his skill in depicting human struggle through a distinctly American lens. As Bassett notes, even his later works like A Fable hold a significant place in his oeuvre. Faulkner's exploration of character subjectivity and his blending of Gothic and romantic elements with realism, as observed by Kerr, exemplify his mastery of humanistic realism.

Over time, critical reception of Faulkner's work has evolved from perceptions of incoherence to affirmations of genius. Modern scholarship now appreciates his complex portrayals of race, gender, and societal issues, reflecting both the American experience and universal values. As explored by Cohen, Faulkner's work stands as a testament to literary modernism. His legacy is marked by numerous accolades, including two National Book Awards, two Pulitzer Prizes, and the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature, affirming his enduring influence on American fiction.