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The Wife of Bath's Tale

by Geoffrey Chaucer

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Student Question

How does the Wife of Bath contrast life in her time with King Arthur's era?

Quick answer:

In the Wife of Bath’s time, there were holy friars and friaries who lived in the world. Their primary function was to perform their religious duties. They also begged from passerby for their livelihood, just like the magical elves did in King Arthur’s time. However, unlike the magical creatures, these holy friars are still present in modern times. The poet also implies that technology has advanced and replaced much of the magic that is common in King Arthur’s time but not in modern times. For example, she mentions how everyone has gone “modern” and lives like a duke or duchess instead of living like a hermit or monk.

Expert Answers

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In the time of King Arthur, the natural environment blended with magical elements and creatures. However, all the elements and creatures had since disappeared and paved the way for modern religion.

According to the poem, there were plenty of magical creatures who existed in the natural environment. For instance, there were fairies and elves who danced in the open fields. There were mythical creatures, such as, the incubus who lived in the forest and made it dangerous for women who went there alone, because the incubus would impregnate them as they slept. These magical and mythical creatures were however replaced, and in their position, holy friars and limiters existed. The friars were assigned a specific area where they performed their religious duties and begged from passersby for their livelihood.

I speak of many hundred years ago.
   But now such elves no one is seeing. No,
   For now the prayers and charitable desires                
   Of limiters and other holy friars
   Who wander all the land, by every stream,
   As thick as specks of dust in a sunbeam,
   To bless our halls, chambers...

In summary, the difference was that magic and magical elements were restricted during her time as compared to King Arthur’s time. During King Arthur’s time, creatures such as fairies existed freely in the natural environment. 

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