When We Dead Awaken

by Henrik Ibsen

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Summary

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"When We Dead Awaken" is a complex narrative that explores themes of artistic ambition, lost love, and existential longing. The story unfolds in Norway and follows protagonist Professor Arnold Rubek, a sculptor, and his young wife Maia. Their journey intertwines with the lives of enigmatic characters they meet along the way, leading to a dramatic and introspective conclusion.

Return to Norway

After spending four years abroad, Professor Arnold Rubek and his youthful wife Maia return to their coastal home in Norway. Finding themselves listless at the baths and hotel, they decide to break the monotony of summer by planning a northern coastal voyage. Rubek, once celebrated worldwide for his masterpiece "The Resurrection Day," has achieved significant success and wealth. Among the notable guests at the baths are Ulfheim, known as the bear-killer, and Madame von Satow, a mysterious, pale woman with a companion dressed in black, who takes residence in a nearby pavilion for the summer. As Rubek and Ulfheim engage in conversation, the companion—a nun-like figure—moves between the pavilion and the hotel. Ulfheim ominously remarks that her presence signifies death. Despite the sense of foreboding, Maia accepts Ulfheim's invitation to witness his sledge dogs being fed, while Rubek remains on the lawn, absorbed in his thoughts. Soon, the enigmatic woman in white makes her appearance from the pavilion, stirring something deep within Rubek. Long ago, he envisioned a sculpture representing Woman awakening on Resurrection Day, and Irene, now before him, had been the perfect muse for this creation. Although Irene sought his affections, Rubek feared that loving her would sully his soul.

A Fateful Recognition

Rubek now realizes the woman in white is indeed Irene. He questions her about life since their parting, and she reveals that she has considered herself dead ever since. Despite marrying a South American diplomat who later took his own life and a Russian tycoon in the Urals, her sense of vitality remains absent. Rubek confesses that after Irene's departure, his sculptural work lost its profound beauty. Instead, he resorted to creating double-faced portrait busts, hiding animalistic visages behind human facades. He shares his planned departure with Maia on a sea voyage, but Irene suggests he might find the mountains more appealing. Unexpectedly, Maia decides to join Ulfheim in the mountains, leaving Rubek surprisingly unperturbed. She rushes to share the news with Ulfheim, while the vigilant Sister of Mercy keeps a silent watch near the pavilion's entrance.

Paths Diverge

The following day, Ulfheim departs with his dog trainer Lars and the dogs for a hunt, with Maia in tow. Before leaving, Rubek confesses to Maia that he can no longer indulge in a life of carefree luxury with her. He soon encounters Irene near a brook, and she admits that she has returned from the dead, driven by a desire to see the statue she considers their shared creation, like their child. Despite his reluctance, Rubek explains the alterations he made to the sculpture and how it now reflects his own tormented soul, trapped by remorse. Satisfied that he, too, suffers, Irene sheathes her knife and reminds Rubek of how he disregarded their shared history once the statue was complete.

A Reckoning at Dusk

As the sun sets, Rubek asks Irene to join him at his villa, hoping she can help him rediscover his true self. Irene, however, insists that their past life offers no resurrection. Provocatively, she challenges him to brave the mountain's heights and spend a summer night with her. In a moment of joy and defiance, Rubek accepts. As they ascend, they notice the haunting gaze of the Sister of Mercy...

(This entire section contains 872 words.)

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following them. Meanwhile, on the rugged mountainside, Maia and Ulfheim argue but reconcile, sharing tales of youthful disillusionments. As a perilous mist envelops the peak, they choose to descend together, but before they can, they spot Rubek and Irene climbing higher. Ulfheim warns them of the approaching storm and urges them to seek refuge in a nearby hut, promising to send assistance later, as he can only guide one person down at a time.

Climbing Toward Destiny

After Ulfheim and Maia leave, Irene, more frightened of being claimed by the woman in black than the impending storm, shows Rubek her readiness to use the knife in self-defense. She reveals that the knife was meant for him the previous night. Shocked, Rubek asks why she spared him, and she coldly replies that she realized he was already dead. Rubek, with fervor, assures her that their love still breathes, acknowledging her as the woman of his dreams. Yet, Irene insists such passion arrives too late, for she no longer craves life and regards him as dead as well.

The Final Ascent

In a final plea, Rubek implores Irene, despite their seeming lifelessness, to seize life fervently before it slips away forever. Exhilarated, they turn their backs on the safe haven of the hut to ascend the peaks together, battling through mist and storm toward the promise of sunrise. Below, Maia's voice echoes, full of freedom and life, while the Sister of Mercy suddenly makes her presence felt. As Rubek and Irene are swept away and buried in snow, she performs the sign of the cross, offering them a silent blessing of peace.

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