Washington Square

by Henry James

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Chapters 17 and 18 Summary and Analysis

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Summary
Mrs. Penniman tells Catherine about her visit with Morris Townsend. Catherine is less than pleased; in fact, she feels genuinely angry, something that she has never felt before. She fears that her aunt is meddling to the point that, somehow, her aunt will “spoil” the relationship. Mrs. Penniman, on her part, is contemptuous of her niece’s loyalty to her father by refusing to see Morris. She makes Catherine drag information out of her concerning the visit, telling her that Morris has stated that he would marry Catherine any day. She also lies about where the two met. Catherine resents her aunt’s pushiness, and Mrs. Penniman resents Catherine’s lack of trust and unwillingness to let Mrs. Penniman be more fully involved. Catherine calmly insists that she will continue to be dutiful to her father and will not meet with Morris, despite her aunt’s contempt. Mrs. Penniman sees in Catherine’s words an implication that if Mrs. Penniman sees Morris again, Catherine will inform her father.

Catherine makes the decision to discuss the matter with her father but without informing on her aunt. She tells Dr. Sloper that she wants to talk with Morris one more time. Dr. Sloper asks if this is to tell him good-bye once and for all, but Catherine tells him that Morris is not going away. He asks her if she has written him, and she replies that she has done so four times. Dr. Sloper can tell that this is an indication that his daughter has maintained her relationship with Morris though she has kept her promise not to see him. Dr. Sloper is impressed with her fidelity and calls her a “dear, faithful child.” He asks her if she wishes to make him happy, to which she replies that she would like to, but fears that she cannot, because she cannot give up Morris Townsend. Dr. Sloper asks Catherine if she doubts his judgment concerning men, and Catherine says simply that he is wrong about Morris. When she asks him again if she may see Morris, Dr. Sloper replies that she may do as she chooses, but he will not forgive her if she does. Catherine explains that she wants to tell Morris to wait, hoping that her father will change his mind once he gets to know Morris better. Dr. Sloper informs her that he knows Morris well enough now and despises him. He then says that she can wait until he dies and then marry. Catherine finds this very cruel, and Dr. Sloper continues with this argument: not only will Catherine wait patiently till he dies, but Morris will do so even more. Catherine promises that if she does not marry Morris when her father is alive, she will not marry him when he is dead. Dr. Sloper suggests that she tell Morris that if they should marry, they will not receive a penny of his money. Catherine decides to see Morris again, and Dr. Sloper firmly shows her to the door. He smiles to himself, however, certain that Catherine will “stick” and not marry Morris.

Analysis
Catherine gives the appearance of being firm and unchanging, yet a subtle difference in her character is occurring. Although she continues to be dutiful and obedient to her father, she is beginning to stand on her own by not completely cutting off her relationship with Morris Townsend. She is revealing a patience that falls within the realm of her duty to her father, and yet in a way also goes against his true wishes. She is also showing signs of standing up to her aunt and her aunt’s...

(This entire section contains 1010 words.)

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interference. Rather than yield to the manipulations of the elder members of her family, Catherine manages to balance her independence as an adult with her duty as a daughter and niece.

It is in her loyalty that one sees Catherine’s greatest strengths and her greatest flaws. She stays loyal to Morris while at the same time remaining loyal to her father. Yet the two men are at opposite ends and cannot fully be placated equally by her actions and attitude. Though Catherine has made the choice to not see Morris as her father requests, she has not given him up completely according to her father’s wishes. While she remains in the relationship with Morris, she refuses to enter into it further as Morris would like her to. By trying to please both, she is pleasing neither. In her loyalty to both, she is alienating each of them. A final choice must be made, yet Catherine refuses to make it. She believes that, with patience, her father will “somehow” change his mind once he gets to know Morris better. Yet it is clear that her father believes he knows Morris well enough now and that Catherine knows him too little.

Although Catherine’s loyalty, gentleness, and devotion are admirable, it is becoming clear that her father, despite his overbearing personality, is absolutely right about Morris. The young man is not to be trusted and will be a lifetime of unhappiness to Catherine if the two marry (with her father’s consent or without it). Whereas Morris believes that money is the cause of Dr. Sloper’s disapproval, it is actually Morris’s weakness of character and dishonesty that causes Dr. Sloper to reject the young man as an adequate suitor for his daughter. While Morris focuses on trying to be not interested in money, he in fact reveals the very character flaws that have forced Dr. Sloper's rejection.

With her irritation at her aunt (who in turn returns the feeling) and her stubborn refusal to submit to Dr. Sloper’s full request, Catherine is alienating herself from her family in such a way that, regardless of her future with Morris, she will have permanently damaged the family dynamics, something that she will need throughout the rest of her life. In trying to keep them, she is losing them. By not making a final choice, she is hazarding all.

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Chapters 15 and 16 Summary and Analysis

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Chapters 19 and 20 Summary and Analysis

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