Unmailed, Unwritten Letters

by Joyce Carol Oates

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Style and Technique

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Last Updated on May 6, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. Word Count: 256

Stories told by means of a series of letters (called epistolary narratives) were rather common in the eighteenth century; in the twentieth century, however, such a form of storytelling is rare. For this and other reasons, Oates’s story is considered experimental.

Oates takes a somewhat obsolete form of narration and radically modernizes it. Because these letters have no specified destination (and therefore no respondents), one’s attention is not, as it conventionally would be, on an interchange of two or more points of view, but rather on the workings of a single psyche. One’s attention is paradoxically not on communication but on an inability to communicate (hence, “unmailed” and “unwritten”).

The style of the work follows from the epistolary noncommunication. That is, it becomes an interior monologue that admits a broad range of styles. Whatever such a person (a white, middle-class, well-educated woman of the 1960’s) could think is, in this story, stylistically appropriate. Oates’s style is therefore a not very distant cousin of the stream-of-consciousness technique.

At times the prose sounds like letter-writing (“I don’t know how to begin this letter except to tell you”), at times like metaphysical speculation (“that delicate hint of death”); at times, it is reminiscent (“we met about this time years ago”); at times, the prose exists in a sexually vivid present tense (“he kisses my knees, my thighs, my stomach”). In short, the story contains an ever-changing style that reflects the nuances of the panic-stricken woman who is the story’s center and its circumference.

Bibliography

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Last Updated on May 6, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. Word Count: 112

Bender, Eileen Teper. Joyce Carol Oates: Artist in Residence. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.

Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views: Joyce Carol Oates. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.

Cologne-Brookes, Gavin. Dark Eyes on America: The Novels of Joyce Carol Oates. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005.

Creighton, Joanne V. Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years. New York: Twayne, 1992.

Daly, Brenda O. Lavish Self-Divisions: The Novels of Joyce Carol Oates. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1996.

Johnson, Greg. Invisible Writer: A Biography of Joyce Carol Oates. New York: Dutton, 1998.

Johnson, Greg. Understanding Joyce Carol Oates. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987.

Wagner-Martin, Linda, ed. Critical Essays on Joyce Carol Oates. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1979.

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