Set in a fictional Bulgarian landscape, Ivan Vazov's narrative unfolds across various locations that vividly illustrate the tensions and turmoil of life under Ottoman rule. Each place is meticulously portrayed, capturing the social dynamics and cultural intersections that define the era. Through these settings, the novel "Under the Yoke" dramatizes the struggle for identity and autonomy against a backdrop of oppression and rebellion.

Byala Cherkva

Nestled in the lush Strema Valley, Byala Cherkva is a fictional town symbolizing both prosperity and subjugation. Known for its thriving merchant class, the town is a microcosm of Bulgarian resilience, yet it remains under the rigid grasp of the Turkish rulers, epitomized by the konak, the governor’s residence. Initially, the merchants opt for a pragmatic coexistence, trading their dignity for peace. However, the murder of two Turks near the town becomes a catalyst for change, compelling the merchants to join a futile rebellion. Their temporary defiance gives way to survival instincts, as they eventually surrender to the oppressors to avert complete destruction, mirroring the historical town of Sopot.

The Mill

Positioned just outside Byala Cherkva, the old mill on the Old River transforms from a mundane structure into a site of profound consequence. It is here that two Turks meet their end at the hands of a revolutionary, sparking an uproar that propels the main narrative. The Turks’ discovery of the graves ignites a spree of violence, leading to the death of a respected local, which unifies the merchants and rebels. The mill’s haunting presence culminates as it witnesses the tragic demise of the protagonists, who are executed by the vengeful Turks, their heads displayed as grim deterrents to rebellion.

The Monastery

Once a vibrant spiritual hub in the valley, the monastery reflects the decay of religious and cultural life under oppression. With its dwindling community, it remains a sanctuary for the beleaguered, among them Deacon Vikenti, a historical figure who aids the protagonist post-mill incident. The dilapidated monastery becomes a stage for Mooncho’s final act of defiance—a curse upon the Turkish leaders—leading to his execution. This act underscores the despair and futility felt by those standing against the Ottoman regime.

Klissoura

A pivotal setting in the escalating conflict, Klissoura embodies the fervor and futility of the first major insurrection. This village becomes the heart of the rebellion, a rallying point for resistance leaders. However, the uprisings are prematurely launched and swiftly quashed by the Turks, who retaliate with indiscriminate violence, decimating Klissoura, leaving it a charred symbol of crushed hopes.

Zli-Dol

The mountain outcropping of Zli-Dol stands as a testament to the rebels' ingenuity and desperation. From this vantage point, they attempt to alter their fate with makeshift cherry tree cannons, bound with metal. The ineffectiveness of these cannons, breaking immediately upon use, mirrors the doomed nature of their cause, highlighting both the creativity and hopelessness of their struggle.

Altunovo

In the village of Altunovo, the narrative shifts to a more intimate setting. It is here that Ognyanov finds refuge, hidden amidst the lively backdrop of a traditional wedding. The detailed depiction of this event offers a glimpse into the enduring cultural traditions that persist despite external turmoil, providing a stark contrast to the violence elsewhere.

Rahmanlari

Rahmanlari, a nearby Turkish village, symbolizes the imminent threat hovering over the Bulgarian resistance. It serves as a gathering point for the bashi-bazouk, aggressive mercenaries poised to crush the rebellion at Klissoura. This foreboding presence underscores the imbalance of power and the brutal force the Turks are willing to unleash to maintain control.