Discussion Topic

Imagery in William Blake's "The Tyger"

Summary:

In William Blake's poem "The Tyger," the dominant imagery revolves around the fiery and fearsome nature of the tiger, symbolizing vitality and passion. The poem contrasts the tiger's intense, burning presence with the gentleness of the lamb, raising questions about the nature of God, who created both. Blake employs a formal style with a consistent rhyme scheme, using trochaic meter to create an unsettling rhythm. Industrial imagery further emphasizes the tiger's formidable creation, inviting reflection on divine paradoxes.

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What poetic imagery dominates William Blake's "The Tyger"?

The "Tyger" is the dominant image of the poem, and the language which Blake uses to describe the animal often connotes fire (e.g., "burning bright," "Burnt the fire of thine eyes," "dare seize the fire"), which in turn connotes passion and vitality. The color of the tiger also stands out in stark contrast to the darkness of "the night," so that the connotations of fire, vitality and passion are emphasized even more.

Later in the poem, in stanza four, there is industrial, machine imagery, such as "the hammer," "the chain," a "furnace" and "the anvil." The language is part of a metaphor where the speaker imagines that the tiger must have been created in the blistering heat of a furnace, and that it must have been the product of great force, hence the hammer and the anvil. The implication is that the tiger's color and the intensity of "the...

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fire of (its) eyes" is such that it seems only possible that it emerged from such intense conditions.

There is also imagery throughout the poem linking to the creator who the speaker cannot imagine to be responsible for creating the tiger. The speaker wonders, incredulously, "What immortal hand or eye" can possibly have created something like this "burning bright" tiger. The hand of any such creator is referenced throughout the poem, and the personification in this instance allows the reader to appreciate how difficult it must have been for any creator to have handled the fire from which the tiger must have been formed. We can all remember or imagine what it feels like to be burned, and so when the speaker wonders, "What the hand, dare seize the fire?" we, the readers, can better understand why the speaker is so reluctant to believe that the tiger could have been created by any hand. Instead, as the speaker suggests, it seems more likely that the tiger must have been created in a furnace.

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Poetic elements used in the poem "The Tyger" by English writer William Blake include:

Rhyme

In each stanza of this poem, the first two lines rhyme and the last two lines rhyme. The rhyme scheme in each stanza is AABB. Blake employs rhyme to give a musical quality to the poem. Rhyme also enables a reader to memorize a poem more easily.

Theme

The main theme of this poem is the magnificent creation that a tiger (tyger) is. William Blake wonders about the fact that the God who created the Lamb (Jesus Christ) was also the Creator of this formidable beast of the jungle. Blake sees great creative powers in this majestic animal.

Repetition

To give the poem more power and to emphasize the strength of the tiger, Blake repeats the words “what” and “dread.”

What dread hand? & what dread feet?

What the hammer? what the chain,

In what furnace was thy brain?

What the anvil? what dread grasp,

Style

Blake employs a formal writing style in "The Tyger." The poem has a solid structure as opposed to a more freewheeling "free verse" poem. The poem consists of six stanzas of four lines each. The above-mentioned rhyme scheme is part of every stanza. Each line of the poem has four beats to it as well, which gives this poem a regular, consistent rhythm, which is also a poetic element.

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How can I craft a thesis about imagery in "The Tyger"?

In this poem, Blake uses imagery that describes the fearsomeness of the tiger, but also shows the creature's beauty. The fearsomeness of the tiger contrasts as well to the gentleness of the lamb.

A possible thesis could be (you will need to finesse this and make it your own): The imagery William Blake uses to describe the tiger emphasizes the speaker's questions about the paradox [contradictions] of God's nature: how could a God that created a creature as gentle as a lamb also create one as destructive and yet beautiful as a tiger?

Imagery that shows the tiger as beautiful is

Tyger Tyger, burning bright,
In the forests of the night
This is visual imagery that shows the tiger shining bright against the night darkness, attracting the eye. Yet the words "fearful symmetry" soon after this image pair the idea of beauty with the idea of fear, raising a paradox or contradiction in our mind as we struggle to balance what is attractive in the tiger with what is terrifying. The concept of this creature as terrifying is continued with the images of the "dread" hands and feet of its creator: a frightening god is envisioned creating this fearful animal.
The image of the "Lamb," which brings to mind both a sweet, innocent, fluffy, white picture of a lamb, and the image of Christ, the lamb of God, focuses the reader on the contrast between the lamb and the tiger.
The imagery throughout the poem reinforces a theme that raises questions it never answers: What is the nature of God?
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How can one analyze the imagery and poetic diction in "The Tyger"?

When analyzing a poem, it can be helpful to put what the poem contains in contrast to what one would reasonably expect to find. This is especially helpful with Blake, who seems highly self-aware of his poetic style and diction.

In English, the benchmark poetic line since at least the Renaissance has been iambic pentameter (five feet of breve/stress rhythm). This is what we see in Shakespeare's sonnets and blank verse and it is by far the most common poetic line in English. It is the natural rhythm of English speech, the natural beating of the human heart, the way we walk. It's just hard-wired into our sense of sound and rhythm.

In "Tyger," however, Blake gives us lines of trochaic feet (stress/breve), which are the opposite of iambic:

Tyger Tyger, burning bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye,
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
Generally, trochaic rhythm can be a little off-putting because it feels familiar but just a little wrong. Note that this is the same beat Poe uses in his creepy "Raven" poem. So we start the poem feeling slightly ill at ease, especially if we compare this poem to its companion in Songs of Innocence, "The Lamb." Note as well that these lines contain catalexis, which occurs when the unaccented syllable is dropped from the last foot. This means the lines are lacking that one syllable that would make them feel balanced.
Next, we can look at sound devices. The rhymed couplets create a very tight feel to the stanzas, and the hard sounds in the first stanza quoted above also feels harsher than usual. The rhyme creates a feeling of a poem as tightly wound as the sinews of the tiger on prowl.
That same pounding feel occurs in a later stanza even more dramatically:
What the hammer? what the chain,
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp,
Dare its deadly terrors clasp!
These lines themselves feel as though they are forged in the industrial furnace and they speak of a seemingly metaphysical furnace that would craft an creature as dreadful as the tiger. Comparing the tiger to the lamb, the poem wonders about a divine plan that would offer up a creature that holds such harsh terror and such danger to the rest of creation. It wonders also about the "dread hand" of God that made this creature. The sound and image in this poem seeks to match the content with the form and style to invite a meditation on the problem of evil.
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