Further Reading

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Berry, Ralph. "Twelfth Night: The Experience of the Audience." Shakespeare Survey XXXIV (1981): 111-19.

Argues that, during the course of the play, Twelfth Night transforms the audience's perception of the performance, portraying "theatre as blood sport, theatre that celebrates its own dark origins."

Brown, John Russell. "Twelfth Night." In Shakespeare's Dramatic Style, pp. 132-59. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1971.

Explores the syntax and diction in three extracts from Twelfth Night and how they contribute to characterization.

Champion, Larry S. "The Perspective of Comedy: Shakespeare's Pointers in Twelfth Night." Genre I, No. 4 (October 1968): 269-89.

Considers Twelfth Night to be one of the richest of Shakespeare's comedies in terms of its characterization, moving beyond farce to a consideration of unique and complex identities and motivations.

Davies, Stevie. "Boy-girls and Girl-boys: Sexual Indeterminacy." In Twelfth Night, pp. 113-35. London and New York: Penguin Books, 1993.

Contends that the figure of Viola/Cesario defies natural sexual categories by affirming the plasticity of gender.

Gérard, Albert. "Shipload of Fools: A Note on Twelfth Night." English Studies XLV, No. 2 (April 1964): 109-15.

Asserts that Twelfth Night contains disturbing elements that prefigure the bleak worlds of such plays as Hamlet and Troilus and Cressida, because in Twelfth Night "Shakespeare was beginning to outgrow the pure mirth of the comic vision."

Hassel, R. Chris, Jr. "Malvolio's Dark Concupiscence." Cahiers Elisabethains No. 43 (April 1993): 1-11.

Interprets Malvolio's imprisonment according to the religious teachings of Martin Luther.

Levin, Richard A. "Viola: Dr Johnson's 'Excellent Schemer'." Durham University Journal LXXI, No. 2 (June 1979): 213-22.

Reviews Samuel Johnson's interpretation of Viola.

Markels, Julian. "Shakespeare's Confluence of Tragedy and Comedy: Twelfth Night and King Lear." In Shakespeare 400: Essays by American Scholars on the Anniversary of the Poet's Birth, edited by James G. McManaway, pp. 75-88. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1964.

Explores the plot elements and characterizations (especially of Malvolio and Lear) shared by Twelfth Night and King Lear, and what distinguishes them as comedy and tragedy, respectively.

Nagarajan, S. "'What You Will': A Suggestion." Shakespeare Quarterly X, No. 1 (Winter 1959): 61-67.

Argues that the source of the comedy in Twelfth Night is "self-deception as it manifests itself in love."

Willbern, David. "Malvolio's Fall." Shakespeare Quarterly XXIX, No. 1 (Winter 1978): 85-90.

Considers Malvolio to be essential to the "merriment" of Twelfth Night, especially in his expression of repressed sexual desires.

Wilson, John Dover. "Twelfth Night'' Shakespeare's Happy Comedies, pp. 163-83. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1962.

Provides an overview of Twelfth Night, comparing it to the comedies that preceded it.

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Sexual Ambiguity