This happens in chapter 4 of Treasure Island, after the death of the captain. The captain had been living many weeks at the inn, and while he had paid for a few nights when he first arrived, at the time of his death, he owes quite a bit for his room. He was such a fearsome person, however, that Jim's parents were too intimidated to press him for what he owed.

When the Captain dies in a fit of apoplexy after receiving the dreaded Black Spot, Jim and his mother are filled with terror and run to the nearby village for help. But no one there will help them, so they return to the inn by themselves, determined to get the captain's sea chest open.

His mother is determined to take only what she is owed. She tells Jim, "I'll show these rogues that I'm an honest woman .... I'll have my dues, and not a farthing over." She clearly is determined to be paid what she is owed, even if it means ransacking a dead man's possessions. However, she distinguishes her honorable desire for payment from the avariciousness of "rogues" like Bones and his shipmates. In taking only what she is owed, she asserts her own honesty.