ways parallels what Atticus tells the children throughout the novel; she describes the Radley house as "a sad house" and recalls Arthur (Boo) Radley as being a polite young boy. 

So, through Miss Maudie's words (indirect characterization) and through Scout's descriptions of her (direct characterization), we learn a great deal about her character. 

Scout's encounter with Miss Maudie in chapter 5 certainly includes characterization to begin. She is cast as having "delicate balance" in terms of relationship with Jem and Scout, gardening with a passion, and having a "clearly defined" generosity to the kids about her space so long as they followed her rules.

She is quite serious about the elimination of weeds and the author shows this through Scout's narration which includes a simile:

If she found a blade of nut grass in her yard it was like the Second Battle of the Marne: she swooped down upon it with a tin tub and subjected it to blasts from beneath with a poisonous substance she said was so powerful it’d kill us all if we didn’t stand out of the way.

Did you notice that there was an allusion inside that simile?

As Scout was surprised by such enthusiasm, she asked Maudie why she approached the problem that way. Maudie's actions then demonstrate vivid imagery:

"She picked up the limp sprout and squeezed her thumb up its tiny stalk. Microscopic grains oozed out."

As you continue reading the chapter, you will see for yourself that the simile is used abundantly.

In addition to the literary elements of Chapter 9 that have already been explicated, there are the additional elements of theme, tone, and mood.

This chapter begins with an episode of tension between Scout and Cecil Jacobs, who insults her father, generating a certain cautionary tone by the author as it becomes apparent to the reader that tensions are rising among the citizens of Maycomb. The announcement in the schoolyard that Cecil makes can only be reflective of things that he has heard from adults.

This same tension is continued with the conflict between Scout and her cousin Francis, who essentially repeats the accusation against Scout's father that Cecil made. In addition, when Francis underscores his words with a statement that Aunt Alexandra has supposedly made, Scout is infuriated because now the negativity is inside her own family.

"Grandma says it's bad enough he lets you all run wild, but now he's turned out a n****r-lover we'll never be able to walk the street of Maycomb agin. 'He's ruinin' the family, that's what he's doin.'"

The tension is then heightened as Scout becomes enraged and splits her knuckle on Francis's front teeth. Fortunately, Uncle Jack, who reprimands Scout later, comes to the house and talks to Scout about the incident. She tells him her side of what has happened, and they come to an understanding. 

Later, Jack and Atticus discuss the upcoming trial and the problems connected to it. Scout overhears Atticus and comes to understand that her father must accept the assignment to defend Tom Robinson because he would violate his ethics otherwise. So, the tension of the narrative is lessened as the emotional level is reduced and the theme of always doing what is right is underscored. 

Literary elements include characters, settings, plot, conflict, and point of view. In chapter 9 of To Kill a Mockingbird, the main characters are Scout, Jem, and Atticus. Minor characters are Uncle Jack, Aunt Alexandra, and Cecil Jacobs. The primary setting is Finch's Landing, the historic home of the Finch family. The novel is told through Scout's first-person point of view. There also plot developments in the chapter. For example, the exposition sets up the annual Christmas traditions at Finch's Landing. Scout, the narrator, also explains the backstory of Finch's Landing.

Scout faces two similar conflicts with two different people. At the beginning of the chapter, she prepares to fight Cecil at school for saying, "Scout Finch’s daddy defended niggers." Scout does not understand his words, but she does not want anyone to say anything negative about her father. Later, she and her cousin, Francis, have a conversation. He says,

I guess it ain't your fault if Uncle Atticus is a nigger-lover besides, but I'm here to tell you it certainly does mortify the rest of the family.

Enraged, Scout chases after Francis. Even though Scout knows she is not allowed to fight, she cannot tolerate anyone criticizing Atticus.

Chapter 29 of To Kill a Mockingbird finds Atticus Finch talking with the sheriff, Heck Tate and only after a while does Scout notice Boo Radley in the corner, literally apart from society as he has been figuratively for so long.

As Sheriff Tate talks with Atticus much of the colorful colloquialisms of his region are evident.  For instance, when Aunt Alexandra says that she has had a premonition about the occurrences of this evening, Heck Tate tells her not to "fret about anything," using the simile,

"...if we followed our feelings all the time we'd be like cats chasin' their tails."  [comparison of people with cats using the word like]

Another simile occurs in Chapter 30 when Scout narrates,

....Atticus's stubbornness was quiet and rarely evident, but in some ways he was as set as the Cunninghams,....[comparison using as]

There also are several metaphors among the stylistic devices that Harper Lee employs. 

For instance, Scout says that she "buried my head in his lap," comparing her movement of placing her head on Atticus's lap as an act of burying.  A couple of sentences later, she narrates that she "crawled into his lap."

Another metaphor comes from Chapter 29 as Scout describes Cecil Jacobs, whom she mistook Bob Ewell for, as "a big, fat hen."

Scout's description of Boo Radley is hyperbolic (obviously exaggerated):

They were white hands, sickly white hands that had never seen the sun, so white they stood out garishly against the dull cream wall in the dim light of Jem's room. 

Harper Lee also uses imagery with her description of the view of the neighborhood from Boo Radley's porch.  Scout describes the "brown door," "daylight," the "fuzzy" street lights, "the fine misty beads" of the night air.

personification   "the same shy smile crept across his face."  30

"He was out of his mind."  Atticus uses an idiom.