What are three examples of hypocrisy in Chapter 24 of To Kill a Mockingbird?
In chapter 24 of To Kill a Mockingbird, Aunt Alexandra hosts a Missionary Tea for the ladies of Maycomb. It seems somewhat hypocritical of her to have had Calpurnia involved in the preparation of refreshments for this day when before, in chapter 13, she prevented Calpurnia from making "the delicacies required to sustain the Society through long reports." Judging from the comments of the ladies when Calpurnia serves them, she has been permitted to bake this time.
" . . . I never can get my crust like this, never can . . . who'd've thought of little dewberry tarts . . . Calpurnia? . . . who'da thought it . . . " (Ch.24)
Also, on this particular day, Calpurnia is needed to serve the ladies. Earlier, however, after Aunt Alexandra arrived in Maycomb, she suggested to Atticus that he let Calpurnia go: "We don't need her now." (Ch.14)
Later on in the day, Atticus comes home to ask Calpurnia to accompany him to Helen Robinson's to comfort her over the fateful news about Tom's death. The faithful members of the Maycomb A.M.E. Church South, who have earlier commiserated with Mrs. Merriweather over the living conditions of the Mrunas in Africa, give no thought to the plight of one black citizen and his family in Maycomb. As Miss Maudie serves in place of Calpurnia, the women refill their coffee cups, "dishing out goodies as though their only regret was the temporary domestic disaster of losing Calpurnia." (Ch.24)
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What are three examples of hypocrisy in Chapter 24 of To Kill a Mockingbird?
Scout learns many things about the women who attend the missionary circle of the Maycombe A.M.E. Church South in this chapter. Even before the tea,
Ladies in bunches always filled me with vague apprehension and a firm desire to be elsewhere...
Mrs. Grace Merriweather, "certainly... the most devout lady in Maycomb," proves to be the most hypocritical women in the room. She laments about the terrible conditions of the Mruna tribe in Africa, promising financial aid and support for the missionary who is attempting to Christianize them. But her charity obviously does not begin at home: She resents the mood of Maycomb's black population, who are unhappy with the conviction of Tom Robinson, and she considers firing her maid, Sophy, for being "sulky."
Another example of Mrs. Merriweather's hypocrisy comes when she criticizes Atticus (without naming him)--in his own house--for his "misguided" decision to defend Tom, all the while eating the food and refreshments that Atticus has purchased for the tea party. Miss Maudie angrily responded,
"His food doesn't stick going down, does it?"
A third example of Mrs. Merriweather's pretentiousness comes when she criticizes First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt visit to Birmingham in support of equal rights for Negroes. Calling the First Lady a "born hypocrite(s)," Mrs. Merriweather claims that
"... we don't have that sin on our shoulders down here... Down here we say you just live your way and we'll live ours."
But even young Scout recognizes the real hypocrites,
... where on its surface, fragrant ladies rocked slowly, fanned gently and drank cool water.
In Chapter 24 of To Kill a Mockingbird, how does the author reveal the women in Maycomb as hypocrites?
In Chapter 24, the ladies of Maycomb gather at Atticus' house in order to host their missionary circle tea and to "[fight] the good fight all over the house." Led by Mrs. Grace Merriweather (described as "the most devout lady in Maycomb"), the ladies discuss the "squalid lives" of the Mrunas, an African tribe who have decidedly non-Western practices and beliefs:
They put the women out in huts when their time came... they had no sense of family... they subjected children to terrible ordeals when they were thirteen; they were crawling with yaws and earworms, they chewed up and spat out the bark of a tree into a communal pot and then got drunk on it.
The women have deep pity for the Mrunas and great admiration for J. Grimes Everett, the "saintly" man who is trying to convert the tribe to Christianity to drive them away from their "darkness," "immorality," "sin," and "squalor."
The ladies preach the importance of forgiving and forgetting, but then damn the black individuals in their very own town for their so-called sins. They criticize the cooks and field hands for "grumbling" after the trial of Tom Robinson, commenting, "there's nothing more distracting that a sulky dark... Just ruins your day to have one of 'em in the kitchen." In one breath they comment how unsafe they feel in their beds at night with black people around, despite their best attempts to "educate" them; in the next, they complain about having to pay the black help a "dollar and a quarter every week" while the economy is depressed. They also passive-aggressively speak about Atticus' attempt to aid Tom Robinson while enjoying the luxuries of his own house.
This routine gossip speaks to the lack of awareness these women have of their privileged lives as white women of relatively good socioeconomic backgrounds. They live in ignorance of the trials and tribulations of black individuals in their town and of the realities of poverty, discrimination, and racially-motivated violence. They also neglect to see the hypocrisy in praising Everrett while condemning Atticus, two men who are more or less trying to do similar work in supporting underserved populations.
In Chapter 24 of To Kill a Mockingbird, how does the author reveal the women in Maycomb as hypocrites?
The hypocrisy of these women is revealed through their conversations during the meeting of their Missionary Circle. They profess to be Christians doing good works, but their words and attitudes show that they are deeply racist and hateful. They commiserate over the poor conditions among the Mrunas, a tribe of people of color who live far away from them, but they have no compassion for their own black neighbors. Helen Robinson, whose husband has been convicted of a crime he clearly did not commit, is criticized among them, and Mrs. Merriweather resents paying her hired help a very minimal wage for a week of hard work. These women also sit in Atticus's house, eating his food, and feel free to criticize him indirectly for representing Tom. There is no love, understanding, or compassion among these "Christian" women in their church meeting. They are hypocrites.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
A further example of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird comes in relation to the treatment of Dolphus Raymond. To everyone in town, Dolphus is an eccentric drunk who displays his eccentricity by socializing with African Americans. It says a lot about the prevailing attitudes towards race relations that a white man hanging out with African Americans is considered eccentric.
Ordinarily, Dolphus would be ostracized by the community. But because he comes from a good family, the kind of family of which the super snobbish Aunt Alexandra would heartily approve, he gets a pass.
Contrast the indulgent behavior shown towards Dolphus with the flagrant injustice meted out to Tom Robinson. Although he's been formally charged with the rape and assault of Mayella Ewell, in actual fact his arraignment has more to do with keeping Black men away from white women.
In the South at the time, the interracial relations were regarded with horror. And in the South, the merest suggestion that a Black man had sex with a white woman was regarded as a serious crime to be punished with the utmost severity. And yet, despite this taboo, society conveniently looks the other way when Dolphus Raymond has sexual relations with African American women.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Throughout the novel, Mr. Cunningham is generally characterized as a hardworking and honest man. He doesn't have the financial means to pay Atticus for needed legal services, so he instead pays with various crops that he harvests from his land. He is also aware that his son, Walter, Jr., has been a guest at the Finch household, where they provided a much-appreciated meal to the boy.
In chapter 15, Atticus sits outside Tom's cell to protect him from a lynch mob which he's heard is coming for Tom. Jem and Scout find the angry mob confronting their father, and Scout desperately looks for a way to diffuse the rising anger of the mob. Suddenly, she spots a familiar face: Mr. Cunningham. It is hypocritical of Mr. Cunningham to condemn another man who needs legal assistance in ways which are even more desperate than his own; while Mr. Cunningham requires Atticus's services to save his property, Tom needs Atticus to save his life. It is also hypocritical of Mr. Cunningham to confront Atticus, who has extended great kindness to him through his willingness to accept any form of payment that Mr. Cunningham could offer. It is hypocritical of Mr. Cunningham to repay Atticus's generosity with hostility and menacing threats.
Fortunately, Scout is successful in diffusing the situation, but this scene demonstrates that even otherwise good people can be negatively influenced by the powerful force of group mentality if they lose sight of their own individual reasoning.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Racism completely permeates the town of Maycomb, infecting every aspect of people's lives. Consider the story Miss Stephanie tells of Boo Radley getting arrested:
The sheriff hadn't the heart to put him in jail alongside Negroes, so Boo was locked in the courthouse basement
The sheriff's racism runs so deep that he thinks it is better to lock Boo alone in a basement than in a cell with Black people. This is supposed to be a comic anecdote, but like most in the book, it has a serious intent, in this case illustrating the depth of the town's racism.
The Missionary Society, populated with white Maycomb ladies, is a thoroughly racist group. They help Black people in Africa because they look down on them as pitiable inferiors, and most of the women show a racist attitude toward local Black people. For example, Mrs. Farrow says:
We can educate 'em till we're blue in the face, we can try till we drop to make Christians out of 'em, but there's no lady safe in her bed these nights
And while not saying Atticus's name, Mrs. Merriweather criticizes him for having made the local Black community more "uppity" through his robust defense of Tom Robinson.
Further, as Jem and Scout see firsthand when Calpurnia takes them to her First Purchase Church for Sunday services, complete racial segregation is the norm in Maycomb's houses of worship. The congregation at First Purchase is entirely Black. Scout also gets a glimpse at the economic and educational oppression racism has wrought. The pastor has a hard time raising $10 (about $100 in today's money) to help out Tom Robinson's family, despite the community's sympathy for him. Further, Scout learns that many of the worshippers are illiterate, which is one reason the church doesn't have hymnals. Racism leads directly to Black poverty, which makes it possible for women like Mrs. Merriweather to exploit their Black domestic workers.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
In chapter 9, Lee reveals the predominant prejudice throughout the town by illustrating Cecil Jacobs's comments about Atticus. Cecil announces on the playground that "Scout Finch’s daddy defended niggers" (Lee, 77).
In chapter 11, Jem and Scout walk past Mrs. Dubose's home when she begins to make derogatory, racist comments about Atticus. Mrs. Dubose reveals her racist personality by telling Jem,
Your father’s no better than the niggers and trash he works for! (Lee, 105).
In chapter 15, the Old Sarum bunch arrives at the Maycomb jailhouse the night before the trial and attempts to lynch Tom Robinson. Their actions reveal their racist ideology. Fortunately, Atticus prevents the mob from lynching Tom Robinson.
In chapter 16, Jem and the children are sitting outside of the courthouse discussing the backgrounds of various citizens when Jem mentions that Dolphus Raymond has mixed children. Jem goes on to comment that mixed children are "real sad." He tells Scout:
They don’t belong anywhere. Colored folks won’t have ‘em because they’re half white; white folks won’t have ’em cause they’re colored, so they’re just in-betweens, don’t belong anywhere (Lee, 163).
Following Tom's unfortunate death, Scout reiterates the town's racist reaction by saying,
To Maycomb, Tom’s death was typical. Typical of a nigger to cut and run. Typical of a nigger’s mentality to have no plan, no thought for the future, just run blind first chance he saw. Funny thing, Atticus Finch might’ve got him off scot free, but wait—? Hell no. You know how they are. Easy come, easy go. Just shows you, that Robinson boy was legally married, they say he kept himself clean, went to church and all that, but when it comes down to the line the veneer’s mighty thin. Nigger always comes out in ‘em (Lee, 244).
In chapter 26, Scout recognizes her teacher's hypocrisy when she mentions that people in America do not believe in persecuting anybody. However, Scout recalls overhearing Miss Gates make a racist comment while leaving the courthouse. Scout tells Jem:
I heard her [Miss Gates] say it’s time somebody taught ’em a lesson, they were gettin‘ way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us (Lee, 251).
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Here are several examples of racism from To Kill a Mockingbird:
Bob Ewell. Bob refers to Tom Robinson as "that black nigger yonder" on the witness stand, and calls Atticus a "nigger-lovin' bastard" after spitting in his face.
Mayella Ewell. When Mayella requests Tom's help to "bust up this chiffarobe," she calls out: "I said come here, nigger." According to Tom, Mayella told him:
"... she never kissed a grown man before an' she might as well kiss a nigger." (Chapter 19)
Nathan Radley. According to Miss Stephanie, Nathan claims to have scared the intruder on his property "pale."
"Says if anybody sees a white nigger around, that's the one." (Chapter 6)
Horace Gilmer. The prosecutor in the Tom Robinson trial repeatedly addresses Tom as "boy."
Lula. Showing that Negroes can be racists, too, Lula tries to prevent Cal from "bringin' white chillun to nigger church."
Cousin Francis. Scout's cousin calls both Atticus and Scout a "nigger-lover."
Mrs. Merriweather. "The most devout lady in Maycomb," Mrs. Grace Merriweather refers to her maid, Sophy, and Tom Robinson as a "darky."
Scout. Scout uses the "N" word herself until Atticus directs her to stop saying it because it is "common." Scout brandishes the word more out of childish immaturity than racism, however.
The Jury. Tom is found guilty because of the jury's preordained belief to never accept the word of a black man over the word of a white man.
The Courtroom. Only white people can sit in the main section of the courtroom; blacks must sit in the balcony.
The Idler's Club. Its members prevent the black spectators from entering the courtroom until all of the white people are inside and seated.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Examples of justice and injustice can be seen through the experiences of three major characters: Scout, Boo Radley, and Tom Robinson. First, Scout faces injustice from her Aunt Alexandra. It seems as if everything Scout does is not good enough for her Aunt. She explains as follows:
"Aunt Alexandra was fanatical on the subject of my attire. I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches; when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasn't supposed to be doing things that required pants. . . Aunty said that one had to behave like a sunbeam, that I was born good but had grown progressively worse every year. She hurt my feelings and set my teeth permanently on edge" (81).
Aunt Alexandra deals unjustly with her because she wants Scout to represent the Finch family as a gentlewoman, not a tomboy. As a result, Aunt Alexandra talks behind Scout's back with Atticus, tells her that her friends are trash, and is continually on her case. The worst part is Scout is a child and cannot fight back or really defend herself.
Next, Boo Radley is the big mysterious phantom of Maycomb. As the children get to know him more, they realize that people simply pass along gossip and neighborhood legends for attention and entertainment value without considering the value of the human being they are discussing. For example, Miss Stephanie Crawford spreads tales that Boo Radley roams around at night looking into people's windows. That scares women and children and paints him for a freak. Scout describes how badly Boo's name was tossed around as follows:
"Once the town was terrorized by a series of morbid nocturnal events: people's chickens and household pets were found mutilated; although the culprit was Crazy Addie. . . people still looked at the Radley Place, unwilling to discard their initial suspicions" (9).
Unbeknownst to the town are Boo's real problems, but they sling his name around anyway. Boo is probably mostly shy, if not a little bit slow as well, and Miss Maudie tells Scout that he prefers to stay indoors--end of story. Scout discovers that he's actually a good friend and neighbor, too. Similar to Scout, Boo can't fight back against the injustice that faces him, either.
Finally, there's Tom Robinson, a black man who is caught at the wrong place at the wrong time and sentenced to death for it. Even though Tom had one of the best lawyers in the world to fight against the injustice he faced, the odds were so highly stacked against him that he tried to go at it alone by escaping prison rather than waiting on the appeals process to set him free. Maybe Tom understood more about the injustice that faced him than Atticus had hope in the judicial system. He knew he could never fight the racism in the South, and gave up.
So where are the examples of justice? It's in Maycomb's future--Jem and Scout. It's in the fact that justice and fair play can be taught, and the good people like Atticus, who value and fight for justice, keep waking up in the morning and going to work. Justice is also found in the help and hope that others give in the wake of injustice. For example, Link Deas takes care of Tom's family after his death by providing his wife Helen with a job. There's justice for Scout and Jem when they are attacked by Bob Ewell and their lives are saved by the most unlikely character in the whole book--Boo Radley. And sometimes justice is kept secret as Heck Tate protects Boo Radley from the spotlight over saving the kids. Rather than take Boo's private lifestyle away from him by advertising what a hero he was that night, he protects it by saying Ewell fell on his knife. The justice, again, is in the future and in the way people help each other weather the injustices found in the storms of life.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
A rhetorical and literary device, sarcasm involves the use of satiric or ironic remarks meant to mock or amuse someone or some section of society. There are several kinds of sarcasm, ranging from subtle to vituperative. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Miss Maudie employs sarcasm, and occasionally, Scout does, too.
- Manic Sarcasm - "This type of sarcasm is delivered in an unnatural happy mood that it makes the speaker look like he has gone crazy."
--In Chapter 16 in anticipation of the Tom Robinson trial, a wagon load of "unusually stern-faced citizens" roll past Miss Maudie and point to her yard which is "ablaze with summer flowers." She stands with her hands on her hips and her head tilted in such a way that the children know she is waiting with "a grin of uttermost wickedness." As the driver slows down a woman calls out shrilly, "He that cometh in vanity departeth in darkness!"
Miss Maudie answers her equally with a line from Scripture, "A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance!" When the foot-washers hear her, the man speeds up her mules and they rush off.
- Polite Sarcasm - When a speaker uses polite sarcasm, his/her listeners do not immediately recognize that his kind remark was actually sarcastic until they have thought it over.
--In Chapter 23, the reprobate Bob Ewell spits tobacco in the face of Atticus in order to retaliate for "insulting him" when all Atticus has done at the trial is draw people's intention to the fabrications made by Ewell. When all Atticus does is wipe his face, Ewell is incensed, "Too proud to fight, you ....bastard?" Atticus calmly replies with subtle sarcasm pointed at Ewell's immature behavior, "No, too old" and quietly walks away.
Miss Stephanie [who understands the sarcasm] said you had to hand it to Atticus Finch, he could be right dry sometimes.
--In another example of polite sarcasm, on Scout's first day of school, she is excited about attending; however, her experience turns out to be very disappointing and hurtful. When Miss Caroline scolds Scout for knowing how to read and not having been taught properly, declaring that her father does not know how to teach, the author, Harper Lee, is being sarcastic about certain educational methodologies and educational theorists as she has the inexperienced and naive Miss Caroline, educated in the theories only, say,
"Now you tell your father not to teach you any more. It's best to begin reading with a fresh mind. You tell him I'll take over from here and try to undo the damage--"
- Deadpan Sarcasm - This type of sarcasm is uttered in such a way that the listener does not know whether or not the speaker's intention is to mock or not.
--Miss Maudie delivers this type of sarcasm in Chapter 24 at the Missionary Tea. When the sanctimonious hypocrite Mrs. Merriweather praises the missionary in Africa for his good deeds, then criticizes the do-gooders of Maycomb, not too subtly alluding to Atticus who mean to help the blacks in Maycomb. She specifically blames these "good but misguided people" for the "sulky, dissatisfied" attitude in her maid Sophy, whom she thought of firing, but knows that the depression is on and "she needs her dollar and a quarter every week she can get it."
"His food doesn't stick going down, does it?" [Miss Maudie asks her with tight lips about Mr. Merriweather, implying more, however.]
"Maudie, I'm sure I don't know what you mean," said Mrs. Merriweather.
"I'm sure you do."
Mrs. Merriweather reddened, glanced at me, and looked away.
Mrs. Merriweather finally realizes that Miss Maudie's remark is satirical, pointing to the woman's hypocrisy and rudeness in the home of Atticus Finch.
- Brooding Sarcasm – In this type of sarcasm, the speaker makes a seemingly polite statement, but the tone of his/her speech has a certain bitterness to it.
--In Chapter 2, Miss Caroline is incredulous, at first, that Scout is able to read fluently. After she tells Scout that her father does not know how to teach, Scout mutters that she is sorry, then "meditates" on her "crime":
I never deliberately learned to read, but somehow I had been wallowing illicitly in the daily papers.
Further Reading
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Hypocrisy refers to saying or claiming one thing and doing the opposite. Several characters in To Kill a Mockingbird fall prey to hypocrisy.
Scout's first grade teacher, Miss Caroline Fisher, for instance, should be thrilled that Scout can already read and write. This is highly unusual and quite an achievement for a girl Scout's age (even though Scout doesn't really think so). Instead, though, Miss Caroline scolds Scout and tells her that Atticus must stop teaching her. “It's best to begin reading with a fresh mind,” she asserts. “You tell him I'll take over from here and try to undo the damage.” She then declares that Atticus doesn't know how to teach. Miss Caroline is definitely showing her hypocrisy, for she claims to support education but fails to recognize it when it doesn't arise from her own chosen teaching methods.
The men who confront Atticus outside the jail one night as Atticus stands guard for Tom Robinson are also hypocrites. Mr. Cunningham, for instance, was especially grateful for Atticus's services when he needed help in the past, yet he would deny those services to another man simply because Tom is Black. These men want justice for themselves, but they certainly are not willing to extend it to another simply because of his race.
The height of hypocrisy in the novel, however, is found in the jury that convicts Tom Robinson of a crime that he clearly did not commit. As jurors, these men have sworn to uphold the law and to reach their verdict through objective reasoning and according to the evidence. Atticus presents a strong case in favor of Tom's innocence. He even shows beyond a reasonable doubt that the Ewells are lying. Yet the jury convicts Tom anyway, breaking their oath by their actions, for their decision is based not upon the law or the evidence, but merely upon Tom's race. As Jem Finch declares, “It ain't right.”
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Scout. Scout isn't really ignorant--just immature--but there are several times in the novel in which she doesn't quite understand what is happening around her. She doesn't understand what "rape" is, so she asks Calpurnia, who sends her to Atticus. Atticus tells her that rape is the "carnal knowledge of a female by force and without consent." Atticus's answer is beyond Scout's comprehension, and she wonders why Cal hasn't explained it herself.
Jem. Jem gives Scout some bad information when he tells her that Miss Caroline's new teaching style is based on the "Dewey Decimal System." Jem has confused the library system devised by Melvil Dewey with the progressive educational philosophies of John Dewey.
Miss Stephanie. Miss Stephanie is quick to spread her gossip around Maycomb, but she rarely checks to see if any of it is true. It is through her that Jem gets his info about Boo Radley--how Boo mutilated animals and peeked in people's windows at night.
Bob Ewell. Bob's ignorance mostly comes from never having attended school, and he doesn't believe his children need an education, either. Jem breaks out in laughter in the courtroom after Bob misunderstands the word "ambidextrous," telling Mr. Gilmer that
"I positively am not, I can use one hand as good as the other..." (Chapter 17)
Mayella Ewell. Like her father, Mayella's ignorance comes from a lack of education and never having been far off the Ewell property. She believes that Atticus's gentlemanly conduct toward her is sarcastic, and she seems "terrified" during her time on the witness stand.
Aunt Alexandra. Scout's aunt is so blinded by her obsession with heredity and family breeding that she is incapable of seeing the good in others around her. She is clueless concerning the bad behavior and underhanded ways of her grandson, Francis, yet she believes that the honest Walter Cunningham Jr. is "trash" because of his family's background.
Miss Caroline. Scout's first grade teacher may be fresh out of college, but her ignorance of the people of Maycomb--and children in general--reveals that she has a lot to learn about teaching.
The Townspeople. Many of Maycomb's citizens seem to fear the unknown, and their ignorance stems from the town's remote area. Few of the people seem to travel, in part because of the belief that
... there was nowhere to go... nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. (Chapter 1)
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Bob Ewell, the novel's antagonist, does several things that can be considered cowardly throughout the novel. Throughout the trial of Tom Robinson, Bob Ewell was exposed as an alcoholic liar who assaulted and molested his own daughter. Following the trial, Bob Ewell attempts to enact his revenge on those who "ruined" his reputation. In Chapter 27, Bob Ewell loses his job working for the WPA and openly accuses Atticus of getting him fired. Bob displays cowardice by not taking responsibly for being fired and blames Atticus, who had nothing to do with it. The next person Bob attempts to get back at is Judge Taylor. Bob attempts to sneak into his house but runs away like a coward when he hears Judge Taylor coming downstairs. Instead of approaching Judge Taylor face to face and expressing his grievances, Bob attempts to confront him when he least expects it, which is cowardly. Another example of cowardice throughout the novel is when Bob Ewell attempts to scare Helen Robinson by following her to work and threatening her. Threatening an innocent woman who has recently lost her husband is something only a coward would do. That example pales in comparison to Bob Ewell's most cowardly moment in the novel. In Chapter 28, Bob attempts to kill Jem and Scout when they are walking home alone after the Halloween festival at the school. Attacking defenseless children is by far the most cowardly thing an individual can do.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Although the theme of hypocrisy is most fully developed in Part Two of the novel, it is introduced early in the story through one of Scout's conversations with Miss Maudie. In Chapter 5, Scout asks Maudie questions about Boo Radley and his family. Maudie tells Scout that Old Mr. Radley had been "a foot-washing Baptist," implying that he attended church and was very strong and strict in his religious views. Mr. Radley obviously viewed himself as a Christian. Later in their conversation, Maudie talks about Arthur Radley when he was young. Scout wants to know if Maudie thinks Boo is crazy. Maudie replies:
If he's not he should be by now. The things that happen to people we never really know. What happens in houses behind closed doors, what secrets--
We can infer from Maudie's remarks that Old Mr. Radley was a hypocrite, a public follower of Christ who abused his own son within the privacy of his home.
Stephanie Crawford is characterized also as being hypocritical. Scout points out that Stephanie "[went] about the neighborhood doing good." Stephanie, however, gossips about Boo Radley, spreading cruel, untrue stories about him. Maudie shares one with Scout:
Stephanie Crawford even told me once she woke up in the middle of the night and found him looking in the window at her. I said what did you do, Stephanie, move over in the bed and make room for him? That shut her up a while.
In her conversation with Scout about Old Mr. Radley and Miss Stephanie Crawford, Miss Maudie is shown to be someone who has no use at all for hypocrisy.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Harper Lee’s novel contains numerous examples of people who behave based on their moral convictions as well as quite a few whose morality is in doubt.
The primary character who exhibits such behavior is Atticus Finch. Most of the novel is dedicated to showing how Atticus acts according to what he knows is right even though that means going against social norms. Atticus decides to defend Tom Robinson in the rape case because he believes Tom deserves a fair trial. Although he knows that is almost certainly impossible in small-town Alabama at that time, he is convinced that as an attorney and as a human being he must stand up for Tom.
Tom Robinson himself shows that he acted according to his sense of morality when he helped Mayella Ewell. Tom knew that Mayella needed help, not only with moving furniture but in terms of her social isolation. Tom decided to help her even though he knew that the predominantly white town would not appreciate his efforts on her behalf. Mayella, in contrast, behaved immorally when she falsely accused Tom of rape.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
Injustice:
- Tom Robinson becomes a victim of racial injustice after he is wrongly convicted of assaulting and raping Mayella Ewell simply because he is a black man.
- Scout gets into trouble during her family's Christmas gathering when she punches Francis in the mouth for calling her father a "nigger-lover." Scout had every right to hit her cousin but was unjustly punished by her Uncle Jack before he knew the full story.
- Dolphus Raymond has a negative reputation throughout town and is viewed with contempt by his racist community members because he associates with black people. Dolphus lives as an outcast in his community, which makes him a victim of injustice.
Evil:
- Bob Ewell's threatening Helen Robinson and attempting to murder Jem and Scout are prominent examples of evil. Bob Ewell attacking the innocent Finch children following the Halloween festival is arguably the most heinous crime in the novel.
- Mayella and Bob's false testimonies during the Tom Robinson trial, which result in Tom's wrongful conviction, can be described as evil. The Ewells realize that they are essentially ending a man's life in order to save face and cover up Mayella's taboo act of tempting a black man, yet they continue to lie on the witness stand.
- The fact that Tom Robinson was shot seventeen times as he was attempting to scale the fence surrounding Enfield Prison Farm illustrates the evils of racial prejudice. Atticus even mentions that there was no need to shoot the man seventeen times, and Mr. Underwood feels that it is a sin to kill "cripples."
Hypocrisy:
- Scout's teacher Miss Gates illustrates her hypocrisy by claiming that there is no prejudice in the United States. However, Scout witnessed Miss Gates herself making racist comments following the Tom Robinson trial.
- Scout witnesses overt hypocrisy during her aunt's missionary circle as the ladies gossip and criticize Atticus for defending a black man while pretending to be morally upright Christians.
- Aunt Alexandra illustrates her hypocritical nature by claiming that the Finches are better than most of the citizens in Maycomb. However, Atticus is quick to point out that their family history is tainted by racism, insanity, and inbreeding.
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
In Harper Lee's Maycomb there are several personality types and among them are social hypocrites and religious hypocrites.
Social hypocrites
- Miss Gates
While Miss Gates deplores the treatment of the Jews by the Nazis, scolding a student in class, she is heard by Scout telling Miss Stephanie Crawford on the steps of the courthouse that "it's time somebody taught 'em (blacks) a lesson, they were gettin' way above themselves...." (Ch.26)
- Mayella Ewell
It is not until the trial of Tom Robinson that Mayella becomes hypocritical, for she genuinely has craved affection, especially just some attention, from Tom whom she stopped on the pretext of breaking up an old chiffarobe. But, when her father saw a black man in the ramshackle house with his daughter, he became enraged. For, Bob Ewell has nothing and no one to be better than except "a Negro."
After her choleric father enters and Tom runs, he beats Mayella and forces her to fabricate a story that implicates Robinson as having made advances upon her. She even perjures herself under her father's constraints, accusing Tom of trying to rape her, and in her shame for her hypocrisy, she refuses to answer any questions after Atticus has "hit her" with hard questions. As she steps down from the stand, Scout observes,
...I never saw anybody glare at anyone with the hatred Mayella showed when she left the stand and walked by Atticus's table. (Ch. 18)
- Bob Ewell
Certainly unable to live up to the name of one of the leading commanders in the Civil War, Robert E. Lee Ewell, Bob Ewell still tries to establish his racial superiority, although he is known as a shiftless drunkard. Like his daughter, Ewell perjures himself and also implicates himself in Mayella's beating. Further, when Atticus proves him a liar, Bob vows revenge upon Atticus. (Ch. 17)
Religious hypocrites
- Aunt Alexandra
As an upstanding member of the Ladies of the Maycomb Alabama Methodist Episcopal Church South, Aunt Alexandra holds a missionary tea at which she discusses with Mrs. Merriweather a preacher who is in an African mission. However, Aunt Alexandra refuses to let Atticus's black housekeeper, Calpurnia, prepare the refreshments.(Ch. 24)
- Mrs. Merriweather
After raving about what a wonderful man the "saintly" Rev. J. Grimes Everett is and how he is "fighting" so hard for the people at his mission in Africa, she complains that her black maid is "sulky" and "dissatisfied"; she even threatens to fire her for getting such grand ideas. Mrs. Merriweather also intimates that Atticus is not following social mores because he defends Tom Robinson:
"I tell you there are some good but misguided people in this town. Good, but misguided."
Yet, while she disapproves of Atticus, she hypocrically comes to his house and socializes with his sister and pretends to be a good Christian.(Ch. 24)
What are some examples of hypocrisy in To Kill a Mockingbird?
You don't mention the specific chapter but I'm guessing it's Chapter 24 (since your previous question also concerned Chapter 24).
Perhaps the most disturbing behavior that takes place during Aunt Alexandra's Missionary Tea meeting is the pretensiousness displayed by the supposed ladies present. While Scout is dressed in her Sunday best and on her best behavior as well, the other women present show a side of womanhood that is both haughty and ill-mannered. Miss Stephanie Crawford makes several jokes at Scout's expense, but Scout bites her tongue and keeps quiet, even after Miss Stephanie questions her sincerity about wanting to become a lady. Although the subject of the day is the Mruna tribe in Africa, the women's talk soon turns to gossip. Mrs. Merriweather, "the most devout lady in Maycomb," is sincere about her desire to help the Mrunas, but she soon turns to criticizing her "sulky" Negro maid, Sophy. She makes other disparaging remarks about Sophy; Tom Robinson's wife, Helen; Negroes in general; and even Atticus, which prompts a retort from Miss Maudie. Mrs. Farrow, "the second most devout lady in Maycomb," reveals that she doesn't feel safe in her bed at night with " 'em"--Negroes--running about. Mrs. Merriweather then turns her attention to the First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, who she believes has "just plain lost her mind" concerning her attempts to advance the civil rights of Negroes.
The very unladylike behavior by the supposed Christian women is not lost on Scout.
There was no doubt about it, I must soon enter this world, where on its surface fragrant ladies rocked slowly, fanned gently and drank cool water.
But I was more at home in my father's world... Ladies seemed to live in faint horror of men... But I liked them... There was something about them I instinctively liked... they weren't--
"Hypocrites..."
Which chapter in To Kill a Mockingbird illustrates hypocrisy?
In Chapter 16 of To Kill a Mockingbird there is an instance of hypocrisy with the social ostracization of Mr. Dolphus Raymond.
Purportedly, Mr. Raymond is an alcoholic who drinks constantly, hiding his liquor in a brown paper sack from which two yellow drugstore straws emanate. He rides "drunkenly" upon his horse as he is believed to have a bottle of whiskey inside the brown wrapper from which he drinks. Before the trial begins as he is seen sitting with the blacks in the far corner of the square, Jem tells Scout that Mr. Raymond sips this whiskey all day, refilling his paper sack with a new bottle.
Mr. Raymond lives by himself "way down near the county line," which is close to the black section of Maycomb. Rumor has it that Mr. Raymond was devastated by his bride's leaving him at the altar and then committing suicide. He has been "drunk ever since." Later, however, Mr. Raymond reveals the truth to the children when Dill is sick after Mr. Gilmer badgers Tom Robinson on the stand and they all leave the courthouse.
As he shares his Coca-Cola with Dill, Mr. Raymond tells the children that he provides the town with the idea that he is an alcoholic so that these hypocrites can disguise their racial hatred.
"[I]f I weave a little and drink out of this sack, folks can say Dolphus Raymond's in the clutches of whiskey--that's why he lives the way he does.
By being able to blame alcoholism on Mr. Raymond, the townspeople have an
excuse for their racial bias and their rejection of Mr. Raymond, who prefers
the company of black people to that of the white people.
Which chapter in To Kill a Mockingbird illustrates hypocrisy?
Probably the two most obvious examples of hypocrisy occur during the Missionary Circle meeting (in Chapter 24) and from the mouth of Scout's third grade teacher, Miss Gates (in Chapter 26). Aunt Alexandra's church group is full of gossipy, back-biting women: In very unladylike fashion, Miss Stephanie criticizes Scout about her tomboy ways; and Mrs. Merriweather, "the most devout lady in Maycomb," implores the others to help the poor, uncivilized Mruna tribe in Africa, but then ridicules the actions of her Negro maid, Sophy. Later, Mrs. Merriweather--while eating the food which Atticus (who is deliberately absent) has purchased for the party--insults him in a roundabout way concerning his decision to defend Tom Robinson.
During a history lesson about modern-day Germany, Miss Gates deplores Hitler's treatment of the Jews. However, Scout remembers another conversation she has overheard Miss Gates have with Miss Stephanie when her teacher declared somebody needed to teach Maycomb's Negroes a lesson--
"... they were gettin' way above themselves, an' the next thing they think they can do is marry us."
Scout wonders how a person
"... can hate Hitler so bad an' then turn around and be ugly about folks right at home--"
What are three examples of hypocrisy in To Kill A Mockingbird?
There are many examples of hypocrisy in the book. Here are three examples.
First, we see hypocrisy in Miss Caroline. She is an educator who criticizes Scout for being able to read. This episode takes place very early in the book, but it shows that there is something odd about Maycomb.
Second, we see hypocrisy in the Missionary Society of Maycomb. Miss Merriweather is the poster person for hypocrisy. She says all the right things, and it seems that she has a huge heart for the people in Africa. However, she does not know that there is injustice in her own backyard. For example, Tom Robison just died, and she does not care at all. Here is a quote, which shows how hypocritical she is.
I said to myself, when I go home I’m going to give a course on the Mrunas and bring J. Grimes Everett’s message to Maycomb and that’s just what I’m doing.
Third, we see hypocrisy in the sanctimonious words of Miss Gates. She criticizes Hitler for his intolerance, but she does not see her own intolerance or the intolerance of Maycomb. Her words are a perfect example of the blind hypocritical hate of Maycomb.
“Hitler is the government,” said Miss Gates, and seizing an opportunity to make education dynamic, she went to the blackboard. She printed DEMOCRACY in large letters. “Democracy,” she said. “Does anybody have a definition?"
“Us,” somebody said.
I raised my hand, remembering an old campaign slogan Atticus had once told me about.
“What do you think it means, Jean Louise?"
“‘Equal rights for all, special privileges for none,’” I quoted.
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