One of the most important symbols in Thomas
Hardy's "The Oxen" is knees. Knees are not merely a
piece of human anatomy in this poem but a symbol of
submission, even subordination . It can be gathered that Hardy sets the poem in a family's home on Christmas Eve at midnight, which we can see from both the opening and ending lines of the first stanza: "Christmas Eve, and twelve of the clock," meaning 12 a.m. on Christmas Eve, and "By the embers in hearthside ease," meaning by a fireside that has been burning so long that only the embers are glowing. Also in this opening stanza, Hardy describes whom he calls an "elder" as saying, "'Now they are all on their knees.'" We can presume that by "elder," Hardy is describing an older family member, and this older family member is telling the story of Christmas Day....
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The poem continues to describe animals being pictured in their pen kneeling to baby Jesus.
The image of animals kneeling holds
significance because, the poem not only describes the animals
as being humble, submissible, and therefore subordinate before Christ, the poem
further relates human beings to the kneeling animals. We
particularly see Hardy relate the kneeling animals to human beings when the
poem's speaker refers to the faith human beings have in the
idea that the animals did indeed kneel on that historic day. The
animals' faith in Christ or submission to Christ, leading them
to kneel, becomes likened to humans' own faith or submission to
Christ. In fact, the speaker is so convinced the animals did indeed
kneel that he says in the last two stanzas, should someone say
to him on Christmas Eve, "'Come; see the oxen kneel,'" he would
willingly, blindly follow the person out to the barn to
witness the event. In this sense, the acceptance of the fact that the animals
knelt represents a form of blind faith. Hence, the
animals kneeling in submission represents humankind's
tendency to also kneel in submission in blind faith. Using
kneeling as a symbol of submission, it can be argued that the
poem questions mankind's tendency to submit, especially to
religion, especially to submit in blind faith to the point of becoming
subordinate.
References