"This painted lie you see" is a poem by Mexican nun Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana. Juana Inés was a poet and philosopher who became a nun in the Hieronymite order of New Spain. The poem's major theme is the transient nature of material objects on Earth, particularly the human body. The title of the work refers to the analogy that Juana uses in the poem; it states that the physical body is merely a corpse dressed in beautiful clothing and accessories. After death, the corpse will become dust. This is a reference to the Bible's statement that all humans came from the earth (i.e., clay, dust, ashes, etc.) and will return to the earth once our physical form deteriorates.

Juana posits that the body and the spirit are two necessary components that make up the human being. She argues that the flesh is merely the physical architecture that soul resides in, and that the essence of all living things is the spirit, which is immortal. The body will disintegrate after death, but the spirit will continue its existence in the realm of the divine.

The other major theme of the poem is the realist and materialist view of mortality. Other poets—especially the Romantics and those from William Shakespeare's time—would add a poetic philosophical "loophole" to mortality, such as believing that love will transcend death, or one's legacy will outlive one's physical existence. Instead, Juana views death as a biological and natural process and believes that humans can only "transcend" death by continually living in spirit form. This idea reiterates the concept of the body-soul duality, in which the latter of the two continues existence after leaving its "shell."

Another theme worth noting is the warning against vanity. The title itself questions human nature's habit of beautifying the body with beautiful clothing, painted fingernails, makeup, and jewelry. The poet believes that all of these efforts to satisfy the ego is futile, since the body that is being decorated will one day rot.