Richard Hannay

Richard Hannay is the protagonist and narrator of The Thirty-Nine Steps, recounting his tale in the first person. Recently returned to Scotland from South Africa, where he worked as a mining engineer, Hannay finds himself embroiled in a dangerous intrigue. Entrusted with secret information by Franklin P. Scudder, he receives a coded message detailing the nefarious plans of the Black Stone. To protect himself and to ensure the information reaches the authorities, Hannay flees to Scotland, cleverly making it appear as though he is responsible for Scudder's death. Throughout his escape, he outmaneuvers both the Black Stone operatives and the police, successfully decodes Scudder's encrypted book, and uncovers a plot against England. His efforts culminate in unmasking a false First Lord of the Admiralty and deciphering the mystery of the thirty-nine steps, leading to the capture of the Black Stone.

Franklin Scudder

Franklin Scudder is an American private investigator who uncovers the ominous plans of the Black Stone, a group intent on orchestrating a German invasion of England. Fearing for his life, Scudder entrusts Hannay with a coded message containing vital information. Tragically, Scudder is murdered in Hannay’s apartment while the latter is away, his death serving as a grim warning of the Black Stone's ruthlessness.

Sir Walter Bullivant

Initially skeptical, Sir Walter Bullivant is a distinguished government official who ultimately becomes a crucial ally to Hannay. Upon learning of Constantine Karolides' assassination, Bullivant is convinced of the gravity of Hannay’s intelligence. Consequently, he relays this critical information to fellow government authorities, facilitating the interception of the Black Stone's treacherous plans.

The Black Stone

The Black Stone is a sinister espionage group plotting a German invasion of England. Known for their lethal efficiency, they are responsible for the murders of both Franklin Scudder and Constantine Karolides. Their efforts to escape England are thwarted when they are captured aboard a fast yacht, thanks to Hannay's relentless pursuit and cunning revelations.

Constantine Karolides

Constantine Karolides is a prominent Greek politician whose assassination by the Black Stone acts as a catalyst in the unfolding events. His death is instrumental in convincing Sir Walter Bullivant of the imminent threat posed by the espionage group.

Sir Harry

Sir Harry is a Scottish landowner and a rising politician who becomes an ally to Richard Hannay. As a godson of Sir Walter Bullivant, Sir Harry's connections provide Hannay with a supportive network during his flight across Scotland.