One of the most difficult periods of Okonkwo’s life is the seven years that he must spend in exile. Things Fall Apart presents Igbo society at a time when the traditional ways are being replaced by British colonialism. Concepts of authority, rulership, loyalty, and justice are among the fundamental aspects of society and governance that British domination will challenge or outright replace by the novel’s end.

When Okonkwo breaks society’s rules, he must accept the punishment assigned to him. As the novel begins, Okonkwo is a successful man who has worked hard to become a well-respected member of his community, Umuofia. However, he is still relatively junior in comparison to many older men. To maintain his status in society, Okonkwo must constantly demonstrate his loyalty to his elders and participate in appropriate rituals.

While attending the funeral of Ezeudu, who had been the most senior village elder, Okonkwo participates alongside the other men in firing their guns in honor of the late, respected man. Unfortunately his gun explodes and the stray pieces of metal strike Ezeudu’s 16-year-old son, killing him. Despite the fact that it was an accident, the elders abide by the accepted punishment of banishment.

Okonkwo has no choice but to accept this decision, and he leaves the village—which had been his father’s home town—and goes to live in the village of his mother’s family. He must stay there for seven years before he can return. This punishment is very severe because he is cut off from his wives and children, as well as his livelihood as a farmer and his participation in community governance.

After he does return to Umuofia, finding things much changed under the new, British system, the reader sees a very different approach to justice. Imprisonment, monetary fines, and corporal punishment are typically imposed.