Illustration of the profile of Janine Crawford and another person facing each other

Their Eyes Were Watching God

by Zora Neale Hurston

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Student Question

Discuss the symbolism or rhetorical devices in the given passage from Their Eyes Were Watching God.

Janie noted that while he didn’t talk the mule himself, he sat and laughed at it. Laughed his big heh, heh laugh too. But then when Lige or Sam or Walter or some of the other big picture talkers were using a side of the world for a canvas, Joe would hustle her off inside the store to sell something. Look like he took pleasure in doing it. Why couldn’t he go himself sometimes? She had come to hate the inside of that store anyway. That Post Office too. People always coming and asking for mail at the wrong time. Just when she was trying to count up something or write in an account book. Get her so hackled she’d make the wrong change for stamps. Then too, she couldn’t read everybody’s writing. Some folks wrote so funny and spelt things different from what she knew about. As a rule, Joe put up the mail himself, but sometimes when he was off she had to do it herself and it always ended up in a fuss.

The store itself kept her with a sick headache. The labor of getting things down off of a shelf or out of a barrel was nothing. And so long as people wanted only a can of tomatoes or a pound of rice it was all right. But supposing they went on and said a pound and a half of bacon and a half pound of lard? The whole thing changed from a little walking and stretching to a mathematical dilemma. Or maybe cheese was thirty-seven cents a pound and somebody came and asked for a dime’s worth. She went through many silent rebellions over things like that. Such a waste of life and time. But Joe kept saying that she could do it if she wanted to and he wanted her to use her privileges. That was the rock she was battered against.

Quick answer:

There are several devices used in this passage from Their Eyes Were Watching God to emphasize its meaning, such as the use of a colloquial writing style to suggest stream-of-consciousness and the symbolism of Janie being battered against a rock to indicate how difficult she finds her situation.

Expert Answers

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We can pick out quite a lot of different literary techniques and devices at work in this passage. Think about the style of the writing, for example. The author doesn't always use full sentences; the language isn't standard English. Phrases like "Look like he took pleasure in doing it" are fragmentary and colloquial, giving a sense that the piece of writing is stream-of-consciousness and in the internal voice of the character who is thinking.

You can probably pick out various other elements of this particular device throughout the passage. Look for places where nonstandard English is used, where the grammar is not what you might expect and where the character and personality of Janie are shown through language choices.

We can also see examples of onomatopoeia, such as the description of laughter as "heh, heh," and symbolism towards the end of the passage.

Symbolism is a device in which a symbol or image is used to represent an emotional or metaphorical occurrence. Look at the end of the passage. Janie describes herself as being "battered against" a rock. She has previously described what this rock is. It is not a literal rock; rather, it is the sense she has that Joe is continually telling her that she is able to do more than she believes she is. He is telling her that she has privileges she should use. But clearly Janie finds using these privileges to be extremely difficult. As such, when Joe tells her to put her mind to work and make use of what she has, it feels painful to her, as if she is being continually beaten against a hard and unyielding surface.

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