A thesis statement for an essay about a work of fiction will present what the essay writer believes are the author’s central concerns. The statement should also express the essay writer’s assessment of the author’s success in conveying those concerns. Ernest Hemingway’s story has several key themes that could provide the basis for interpretation.

The world of bullfighting exerts a powerful pull on the protagonist, Paco, who has moved from a village to the urban metropolis of the title. He is fascinated by all the matadors and other bullfight professional who live at the hotel where he works. The magical allure of the bullfight is so strong, however, that it keeps him from seeing the full reality of these men’s lives.

A thesis statement could address Paco’s inability or unwillingness to engage with the bullfights as they really are. While the fights are undoubtedly dangerous, they also offer the chance to gain fame and glory. One thesis could address the consequences of not following one’s dream. Paco works at a mundane job of waiter but plays at bullfighting with his coworker. This “game” costs him his life. One could argue that there are dangers in not pursuing one’s goals, as life is always full of risks. Another perspective would emphasize the role of fate. Paco’s death is an accident, and an inch would have made the difference between life and death. It may be that Hemingway is arguing for fatalism and against free will.