S. E. Hinton's novel, That Was Then, This Is Now, traverses the complex terrain of personal morality and ethical choices amidst significant social challenges. While the narrative subtly acknowledges the upheavals of the era, such as the Vietnam War, it primarily focuses on internal struggles faced by its teenage characters. These adolescents grapple with decisions that could alter their lives dramatically, making the story both poignant and relatable.

Internal Conflicts and Ethical Dilemmas

In Hinton’s exploration of teenage life, the focus is on individual moral decisions rather than overt social commentary. The novel’s characters confront dilemmas around drug and alcohol use, family dynamics, work, and school. However, unlike typical "problem" novels that delve into societal critiques, Hinton zeroes in on the personal consequences of these issues. For instance, M&M’s story of running away, mingling with an older crowd, and experimenting with LSD illustrates the destructive path such actions can lead to. Nevertheless, Hinton’s approach prevents a one-dimensional moral perspective. Readers are encouraged to empathize with M&M, understanding his desperation to flee the harshness of his home life and peer violence, even as they witness the cost of his choices on his innocence and intellect.

Mark's Moral Ambivalence

Mark’s character further exemplifies the moral complexities within the novel. As a boy who witnessed his parents’ fatal conflict over his paternity, he grows up with an understandable desire to hold on to the few connections he has. This drive leads him into illegal activities, including car theft and drug dealing. Although Mark is depicted with sympathy, his actions symbolize the broader theme of moral responsibility. The narrative critically examines the dealer's role in the user's downfall, particularly as Mark’s dealings impact M&M's dangerous experiences with drugs. Hinton suggests that even when intentions are good, they cannot excuse the illegal risks that harm others. Mark's story also serves as a caution against the youthful belief in invincibility, as his eventual arrest underscores the harsh, often irrevocable, consequences of his choices.

Bryon's Journey Toward Responsibility

In contrast, Bryon’s story is one of growing awareness and responsibility. Unlike Mark, Bryon makes conscious efforts to understand the importance of values and the repercussions of his actions. This is evident when he contrasts the warm family environment of Cathy with the violent atmosphere of Angela Shepard’s home. His decision to prevent Mark from seeking vengeance reflects a desire to disrupt the cycle of violence, showing a maturation in his moral reasoning. However, Bryon's ultimate decision to turn Mark in for his illegal activities represents his most significant internal conflict. The sense of betrayal is profound, leading Bryon to self-impose guilt and reject his potential happiness with Cathy. Hinton subtly conveys that even when decisions are ethically sound, they may still lead to adverse outcomes, illustrating the complex nature of personal growth and responsibility.