After being shipwrecked, the stranded Swiss family is forced to rely on their own knowledge and skills in order to survive on a deserted island. Each individual possesses different strengths. For instance, Fritz is old enough to assist his father with more laborious tasks, Ernest’s interest in natural history enables him to identify plants and animals, and Elizabeth brings a uniquely feminine perspective that allows her to propose ideas the men may not consider. By working together, the family is able to gradually transform the island from a wild landscape that is full of perils into a civilized dwelling that can provide for all of their needs.

At the heart of the survival effort is the patriarch of the family. His expansive knowledge of botany, carpentry, engineering, and other topics allows him to guide his family and propose creative solutions to their problems. However, he is not a dictator; the narrator also has a deep respect for the ideas proposed by the rest of his family, and he takes the time to cultivate curiosity and independence in his sons. Indeed, he is keenly aware of the risks associated with living on a deserted island, and he seeks to instill in his sons “an enterprising spirit of self reliance” that will enable them to thrive even without their parents.

In many of the father’s sermons to his family, the notion of self-reliance is combined with the belief that the Christian god will provide for those “that help themselves.” The family maintains an attitude of piety and thankfulness, believing that God has given them everything they need in order to provide for their own needs on the island. Rather than treating their circumstances as a betrayal of their faith, they instead embrace their circumstances and strive to live a “peaceful, industrious,” and pious life.