abstract illustration of many different faces and settings that reflect the diversity of speakers in the Spoon River Anthology

Spoon River Anthology

by Edgar Lee Masters

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Student Question

What events led up to Barry Holden killing his pregnant wife in the "Spoon River Anthology"?

Quick answer:

In "Spoon River Anthology," Barry Holden kills his pregnant wife after attending a murder trial where Zora Clemm was killed by her lover, Dr. Duval, to avoid scandal. This trial makes Barry reflect on his own burdens, including a large family and financial stress. Upon returning home, his wife's nagging about their mortgage triggers his violent reaction, leading him to kill her with a hatchet left by his sons. Edgar Lee Masters presents this without moral judgment.

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Spoon River Anthology, by Edgar Lee Masters, is a fascinating collection of poems written as if they were the last testament of the dead citizens of Spoon River.

In his piece, Barry Holden begins by stating that he had spent the day at the murder trial of Zora Clemm, who had been murdered by her lover, Dr. Duval. Zora was pregnant, and Duval would not let his reputation be destroyed by the revelation of his affair and illegitimate child. In Barry Holden's words, "to let the child be born/ Would no do." That made Barry think about his own situation--eight children already and another on the way and a mortgage to pay. He could understand the doctor's desperation and desire to escape his situation.

When he got home that evening after the trial, he noticed a hatchet that his sons had left on the porch. The minute he entered the house he wife started nagging him about the mortgage. And that's when he snapped and hacked her to death.

Masters doesn't moralize (tell us they're right or wrong) about his characters. He lets them tell their stories, and we can decide how to react.

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