BIOGRAPHIES

Cowley, Malcolm. “The Hawthornes in Paradise.” American Heritage 10, no. 1 (December 1958): 30-5, 112-15.

Recounts the courtship and early married life of Sophia and Nathaniel Hawthorne, interspersed with excerpts from their journals and letters.

Hawthorne, Julian. “Sophia Amelia Peabody.” In Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Wife, pp. 39-81. Cambridge, Mass.: The Riverside Press, 1884.

A chapter from Julian Hawthorne's biography of his parents in which he describes his mother, her upbringing, the role she played in the family, and her influence on his father.

Marshall, Megan. “Three Sisters Who Showed the Way.” American Heritage 38, no. 6 (September-October 1987): 58-66.

Examines the role of the Peabody sisters in the nineteenth-century American women's liberation movement.

Miller, Edwin Haviland. “A Calendar of the Letters of Sophia Peabody Hawthorne.” Studies in the American Renaissance (1986): 199-204.

A list of Hawthorne's letters preceded by a biographical sketch.

Tharp, Louise Hall. The Peabody Sisters of Salem, Kingsport, Tenn.: Kingsport Press, 1950, 372 p.

Biography of Hawthorne and her sisters Mary and Elizabeth, significant portions of which are devoted to Hawthorne's Cuba sojourn and married life.

CRITICISM

MacKay, Carol Hanbery. “Hawthorne, Sophia, and Hilda as Copyists: Duplication and Transformation in The Marble Faun.” Browning Institute Studies 12 (1984): 93-120.

Considers Hawthorne's resemblance to the character of Hilda in her husband's novel The Marble Faun.

McDonald, John J. “A Sophia Hawthorne Journal, 1843-1844.” Nathaniel Hawthorne Journal (1975): 1-30.

Reprint of a portion of Hawthorne's journal preceded by a brief introduction.

Norko, Julie M. “Hawthorne's Love Letters: The Threshold World of Sophia Peabody.” American Transcendental Quarterly 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 127-39.

Uses the letters Hawthorne's husband wrote to her during their courtship to examine his image of her as the embodiment of their shared ideals and aspirations.

Person, Leland S., Jr. “Hawthorne's Love Letters: Writing and Relationship.” American Literature 59, no. 2 (May 1987): 211-27.

Explores Nathaniel Hawthorne's idealized vision of his wife and her profound influence on his writing.

Additional coverage of Hawthorne's life and career is contained in the following sources published by Thomson Gale: Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vols. 183, 239; and Literature Resource Center.