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Several other medieval French epics have endured through time. Twelfth-century scribes categorized these works into cycles. The Song of Roland is included in the Cycle of the King (Geste du roi), which also features The Pilgrimage of Charlemagne (Le pelerinage de Charlemagne). Additional epic poetry cycles comprise the Feudal Cycle (Geste de Doon de Maiance) and the William Cycle (Geste de Guillaume d'Orange or Geste de Garin de Monglane).
In 1470, Italian Renaissance poet Luigi Pulci created a burlesque rendition of the Roland story, titled Morgante maggiore (The Great Morgante), which recounts the ambush in the valley of Roncevalles.
Matteo Maria Boiardo's romantic poem Orlando Innamorato (Roland in Love) merges the heroic ideals of the Roland epic with the courtly love themes found in later French epic poetry.
Lodovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso (Roland Mad) expands the narrative of the heroic knight Roland, incorporating numerous additional episodes, including his romantic escapades.
Robert Browning's poem "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" portrays a knight's journey marked by defiance and bravery ("Childe" is an old-fashioned term for "knight").
Norman Daniel's 1984 study, Heroes and Saracens, examines the depiction of Christians and Muslims in medieval literature.
A History of Women: Silences of the Middle Ages, edited by Christiane Klapish-Zuber in 1992, offers essays that provide a comprehensive overview of the lives of medieval women.
Jamaica Kincaid's short story "Song of Roland" was published in the New Yorker magazine on April 12, 1993.
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