In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the theme of honor is central to the narrative and character development. The poem explores the complexities of honor through Sir Gawain's journey, his adherence to the chivalric code, and his personal struggles with honesty and fear. Gawain's quest is a test of his honor, as he must fulfill his promise to the Green Knight, face his own human failings, and ultimately learn the true nature of chivalric virtue.

Sir Gawain's promise to the Green Knight is a pivotal moment in the poem, highlighting the importance of honor in the chivalric code. Gawain vows to meet the Green Knight in a year to receive a blow in return for the one he delivers. This promise is a daunting one, yet Gawain is determined to keep it, stating,

“And that I swear to you honestly, by my pledged word” (l. 484: section 18).

Gawain's commitment to his word exemplifies the knightly virtue of honor, as he prioritizes his promise over his own safety.

The Green Knight's challenge also serves as a critique of Camelot's reputation. The poem questions the true nature of bravery and honor, as Gawain's human fear leads him to conceal the magical girdle given by Lady Bertilak. Despite this failing, the Green Knight spares Gawain, acknowledging the natural human desire to preserve one's life. Gawain, however, is harsh on himself, feeling disgraced by his actions. Arthur, in contrast, treats the episode lightly, suggesting that the court's understanding of honor is more boastful than factual.

Gawain's encounter with the Green Knight ultimately reveals the tension between human fallibility and the ideal of honor. When Gawain flinches at the Green Knight's first swing, the knight scolds him, questioning his bravery:

You can't be Gawain...I've heard nothing of Gawain the coward.

Gawain's fear is a natural response, yet he is determined to face the challenge, learning humility and the true meaning of honor in the process. The Green Knight forgives Gawain's failure to disclose the girdle, understanding it as a human weakness rather than a moral failing.

Ultimately, Gawain's journey is one of self-discovery and redemption. He learns that true honor involves acknowledging one's shortcomings and striving to overcome them. The green belt, initially a symbol of his failure, becomes a reminder of his humanity and the ongoing quest for virtue. The poem suggests that honor is not about perfection but about the courage to face one's flaws and the commitment to live by one's principles.