Themes: Genius vs. Conformity
It is common to point out that geniuses tend to be individuals rather than conformists. Emerson does make this observation, but he goes much further, making the more radical argument that it is this refusal to conform that makes one a genius. Emerson sees this quality of individualism as existing naturally in children, animals, and even plants. Roses, he says, do not imitate other roses. They are entirely themselves.
According to Emerson, this self-reliance is the principal quality that separates the genius from the ordinary mind. Most people, he says, think independently when they are alone. However, external pressures quickly force them to abandon this independence. Pressure to conform can come from diverse and sometimes unexpected sources. People fear not so much the judgment of their peers, who at least tend to be polite, as the derision of the mob. However, even the physical environment can be oppressive. It is easy to be intimidated by magnificent buildings and great works of art, to see them as confirmation of one’s own inferiority rather than as objects for one’s individualistic appreciation and appraisal. Even one’s own former opinions can pressure one to revert to a prior mode of thought. To be truly self-reliant is to rely on oneself in the current moment, without worrying about whether one’s ideas are consistent with past thoughts: “A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds.”
Emerson’s message here is essentially that of Horace, a message which Horace in turn extrapolates from Stoic philosophy: nil admirari, “wonder at nothing.” This is not a coincidence. Self-reliance is a deeply Stoic idea. Nothing outside one’s soul is as important as what lies within, namely one’s own ideas and principles. External circumstances do not make any difference to anything that matters. To understand this, and to apply that understanding to one’s life, is to become an individual—a genius, even—rather than part of the conformist mass.
Expert Q&A
Understanding Emerson's perspective on "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds" and its connection to individuality and resisting social conformity
Emerson's statement "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds" suggests that rigid adherence to consistency limits intellectual growth and individuality. He advocates for embracing change and new ideas, emphasizing that true greatness comes from resisting social conformity and being true to oneself. This perspective encourages individuals to value personal evolution over societal expectations.
What does Emerson mean by "Whoso would be a man must be a noncomformist" in "Self-Reliance"?
By saying that "whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist," Emerson means that to reach their highest potential, individuals must follow their souls, not conform to tradition or someone else's preset, conventional plan for their lives.
What does Emerson mean by "To be great is to be misunderstood" in Self-Reliance?
When Emerson says, "To be great is to be misunderstood," he is saying that thinking differently from others and coming up with new ideas puts one at the risk of being misunderstood or even treated with hostility.
Emerson's perspective on envy and imitation in "Self-Reliance."
Emerson's perspective on envy and imitation in "Self-Reliance" is that both are detrimental to individual growth. He argues that envy is ignorance and imitation is suicide because they prevent people from trusting themselves and their unique capabilities. Emerson encourages self-reliance, emphasizing the importance of embracing one's individuality and inner voice.
What does the quote, "Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members" mean?
The quote, "Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members", is a critique of societal pressure to conform. Ralph Waldo Emerson argues that society actively works against individuals' unique identities, equating "manhood" with individuality. Emerson suggests that societal conformity weakens individuals, and that strength comes from following one's instincts. The quote emphasizes the importance of self-reliance and individualism, encouraging people to resist societal norms and maintain their individual liberties.
Emerson's "Self-Reliance" Themes and Lessons
Emerson's "Self-Reliance" emphasizes individualism and self-trust, urging readers to rely on their own instincts and express their unique gifts. Key themes include nonconformity, the dangers of envy and imitation, and the importance of personal growth over societal reform. Emerson asserts that true fulfillment comes from harnessing one's inner potential and courageously following one's own path, rather than conforming to societal expectations. He warns against consistency and emphasizes that self-reliance requires hard work and faith in one's unique abilities, ultimately contributing to a more authentic and fulfilling life.
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