The Scarlet Letter is a staple in high school and college literature curricula. This narrative, centered on young adults whose desires are suppressed by a society governed by strict moral codes, has sparked discussion and debate for many years. While most readers agree that adultery is morally wrong, they often find themselves sympathizing with Hester Prynne and Dimmesdale. This sympathy arises especially when considering Hester's husband, Chillingworth, who is portrayed as a vengeful and emotionless character. Hawthorne employs various subtle literary techniques to highlight the conflict between law and emotion, resulting in a story that continues to evoke strong emotional responses.

1. Hawthorne extensively utilizes the historical setting of Puritan New England to establish the tone of his novel. How accurate is his depiction of this era? What specific details does he emphasize? What elements of Puritan society does he downplay?

2. How does Hawthorne use imagery from the natural world to underscore the hypocrisy and oppression inherent in Puritan society?

3. Many critics have debated the "true hero" of The Scarlet Letter. While some view Hester as the embodiment of the highest human qualities admired by the author, others believe Hawthorne intended Dimmesdale to be the central figure of the tragedy. Who seems to be the more fitting protagonist, and why?

4. When Hester confesses to Dimmesdale that Chillingworth is her husband, the minister accuses the physician of being a greater sinner than themselves, as Chillingworth has violated "the sanctity of a human heart." What does Dimmesdale mean by this statement? Is his accusation about Chillingworth's sin justified?

5. In a pivotal forest scene, Pearl refuses to approach her mother after Hester removes The Scarlet Letter from her chest. What is the significance of Pearl's reaction? What does this scene reveal about Hester and Pearl?

6. Hester Prynne's tale is preceded by an extensive autobiographical introduction titled "The Custom House." Why does Hawthorne include this section in his novel? Is it possible to understand the story of Hester and Dimmesdale without this prefatory material?

7. Critics have noted the meticulous care Hawthorne took with the novel's structure. What insights do readers gain from the three key scenes set on the scaffold in the town center (Chapters 3, 12, and 23)?