Anger and Hatred
When the robots revolt and begin attacking, it is revealed that Dr. Gall, at Helena's suggestion, has endowed the robots with a soul and the ability to understand their situation. However, in making them more human-like, Gall has also given them the capacity for hatred, just as humans can hate. Treated as insignificant and disposable, the robots quickly learn to despise their creators and all humans. Lacking a conscience, they are capable of hating and killing without restraint.

Class Conflict
The creation of robots divides the world into two distinct classes: those in control and those being controlled. The latter class consists of robots, designed to be exploited. They are essentially slaves, expected to work until they wear out, which is roughly twenty years. Robots are built and treated as if they have no emotions, needs, or expectations. Their creators envision humans as a sort of aristocracy, superior to the robots they dominate. As with all feudal systems, eventually, the oppressed peasants or slaves rise up and kill their masters.

Duty and Responsibility
As creators of a new form of life, the robot builders have a responsibility for how their creations are used. However, in this case, the builders see the robots solely as tools for exploitation and profit. They sell their robots to anyone willing to pay, ignoring the moral consequences of their actions. Preferring isolation on their island, they continue to sell robots even when the robots rebel. When it becomes evident that humanity is in grave danger, their primary concern is their own escape.

Human Condition
This play examines the human condition, depicting a scenario where humanity destroys itself through greed. Although technology has the potential to solve many global problems, it is used to create a race of slaves to perform all labor while another group grows richer. As a result, humans become expendable and stop reproducing. Evolutionary theory suggests that survival depends on the ability to adapt. In this new world order, humans are the ones who lack purpose. This grim vision of humanity is somewhat alleviated at the play's conclusion when two robots present the chance to create a new human race.

Individual vs. Machine
This play centers on the struggle for survival between humans and robots. When manufacturers grant robots souls and emotions, they transform machines into individuals. This shift allows the robots to think independently and desire control. The play suggests that individuality triumphs over machinery; as machines, robots were controllable, but as thinking beings, they become superior entities.

Prejudice
To control the robots, one strategy involves designing them to meet national or local specifications instead of creating universal models. During discussions about this plan, manufacturers expose their own biases by proposing that certain "races" of robots should be programmed to despise other "races." This engineered conflict would prevent the robots from unifying against humans. Essentially, it is a scheme to instill racial prejudice in beings that naturally lack such tendencies.

Revenge
The robots, once oppressed, seek vengeance against their creators upon realizing their status as slaves. They view themselves as superior to humans and become so consumed by their desire for revenge that they overlook the fact that humans hold the key to their existence. This symbiotic relationship is forgotten by the robots, as revenge takes precedence over their own survival.

Science and Technology
Capek’s play highlights the perils of technology. While innovations can cure diseases and improve human life, they also carry risks if misused. The central theme is the greed of those who exploit technology without considering the consequences. By the play’s end, two robots have become human, symbolizing hope for humanity’s future. Primus and Helena demonstrate that human survival, not technological advancement, is crucial for mankind’s success, as Alquist is unable to create new robots or alter the existing ones.