Student Question

In "The Reader", how and why do Hanna and Michael demonstrate deception and self-deception?

Quick answer:

Hanna's deception stems from her illiteracy, which she hides due to societal stigma against the uneducated. Despite being honest about her wartime actions, she lies about her inability to read. Michael's deception involves concealing his relationship with Hanna, reflecting societal disapproval of their affair and post-war German guilt. His secrecy symbolizes broader societal shame and rejection of past Nazi atrocities. Both characters' deceptions highlight personal and societal struggles with truth and identity.

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Hanna demonstrates deception mainly in regards to the fact that she cannot read.  She is willing to lie in order to cover the fact that she is illiterate; otherwise, she is pretty forthcoming and honest, even to her detriment.  Take the trial for example.  She was completely honest about her role in the death of all of those women, she was willing to answer questions and take the blame, but the one thing that she lied about was the statement that she supposedly wrote and signed.  She was willing to be honest and condemn herself to prison in regards to the deaths of human beings, but, she wasn't honest about the tiny and not-criminal trait of being illiterate.  Her deception occurred with Michael too--she never stated to him that she couldn't read, she just asked him to read books to her.  She quit her job at the transportation office, giving...

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up a promotion, because it would require her to read.  Instead of being honest about it, she just quit.  Deception comes into play in Hanna's life when it comes to illiteracy, but not much else.  Her deception manifests itself as an illogical self-pride that is a detriment in her life.

Michael is deceptive in almost every way when it comes to disclosing his relationship with Hanna.  He lies to his parents, and doesn't even tell any of his friends about their relationship.  Then later, he doesn't tell anyone connected with the trial about his relationship or his knowledge of Hannah's illiteracy, even if it could have helped her receive a lighter sentence.  When he goes to his father for help, he is deceptive also, phrasing things as a hypothetical "what if you know someone who..." instead of revealing that he knew Hanna in any way shape or form.  So, he enjoyed his relationship with her, loved being there, and made time to be with her, but denied his relationship or any knowledge of her to anyone, for most of his life.  His deception took the form of a strange cowardice and shame.

I hope that these thoughts helped; good luck!

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In "The Reader," what do Hanna and Michael's deceptions reveal about society?

Hanna's deception in regards to her illiteracy--which is the main deception that she fronted--reveals society's lack of tolerance and acceptance of lesser educated people.  To not be able to read in a society where books, education, and access to learning is so available, free, and normal, is an odd thing indeed.  In Germany at this time, Hanna probably felt how many Germans valued education and intelligence as one of the most telling indicators of success and normal living.  It was just assumed that one knew how to read, and if one didn't, one was judged as an idiot, a rural bumpkin who was ignorant and not worth spending time with.  The illiterate were a lower class of people that others snubbed and looked down upon.  For this reason, Hanna, living in the city where most people judged and ridiculed ignorance, kept her illiteracy a secret.  Her shame revealed just how prejudiced and judgmental people were towards the "lower class uneducated."

Michael's deception in regards to not admitting he knew Hanna DURING their affair reveals that he understood a society that did not accept young boys having an affair with an older woman.  That is pretty typical in most societies; he was afraid that if someone found out, they would end the affair and possibly get Hanna in trouble.  So, their society was intolerant of the nature of their relationship.  It also revealed a microcosm of society where the children felt alienated and disconnected from their parents; Michael was not comfortable telling his parents anything, and that was probably pretty common.  His deception during and after the trial in regards to not admitting that he knew Hanna reflected Germany's post-war guilt that was associated with knowing what the Nazis had done, and feeling ashamed about it.  Many Germans turned a blind eye to the Nazi's extermination of the Jews, and once all of the horrors were revealed, were ashamed not only of their country, but of themselves.  Michael realized at that point just how involved Hanna had become, and his rejection of her is a symbol for how many Germans rejected and were ashamed of their own blindness in regards to the atrocities that were committed.  Michael's deception revealed an entire attitude of shame, rejection, and confusion that was associated with thousands of Germans after WWII.

I hope that those thoughts help; good luck!

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