Abstract illustration of the houses of Clybourne Park

A Raisin in the Sun

by Lorraine Hansberry

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A Raisin in the Sun Characters

The main characters in A Raisin in the Sun are Lena Younger, Walter Younger, Beneatha Younger, Ruth Younger, and Travis Younger.

  • Lena Younger is the matriarch of the Younger family. With her steady and resolute nature, she supports her family members.
  • Walter Lee Younger is Lena's son and Ruth's wife. He hopes to begin a new life by opening a liquor store.
  • Beneatha Younger is Lena's daughter. She is in college and dreams of becoming a doctor.
  • Ruth Younger is Walter's wife. She feels overworked in her roles as a domestic worker and mother.
  • Travis Younger is Walter and Ruth's 10-year-old son. He is unique in his contentedness with life.

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Characters

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Lena Younger (Mama)

Lena Younger, also known as Mama, is the matriarch of the Younger family and plays a significant role in the events of the play. A retired domestic worker, she works tirelessly to ensure the well-being of her family, keeping her religious faith and remaining optimistic in spite of financial and social challenges. As shown through her actions and her faith, Lena is a proud Black woman and serves as the family's source of strength, stability, and spiritual center. (Read our extended character analysis of Lena Younger.)

Walter Lee Younger

Walter Lee Younger, Lena Younger’s 35-year-old son, lives at home and works as a chauffeur. Walter is deeply unhappy with his life and his job. His relationships with his family members are tenuous: his wife, Ruth, almost gets an abortion when she thinks Walter doesn’t love her anymore, and his sister, Beneatha, grows angry when Walter disparages her desire to become a doctor. (Read our extended character analysis of Walter Lee Younger.)

Beneatha

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Beneatha “Bennie” Younger is Lena’s twenty-year-old daughter. A college student, Beneatha aspires to be a doctor, and she relies on her father’s life insurance money for her medical school tuition. Beneatha is attractive and well educated but still young, immature, and, at times, selfish. She argues with her brother, Walter, who believes she should become a nurse, and she rebels against her mother’s traditional view on religion. Still unsure of her identity, Beneatha explores various hobbies like horseback riding and playing guitar, despite her mother’s accusation that she simply moves from one interest to the next. Throughout the course of the play, she dates two men: the wealthy George Murchison and the Nigerian-born Joseph Asagai. Beneatha dislikes George because he eschews his African heritage; however, she falls for Joseph Asagai, who embraces his African identity and encourages her to wear an Afro instead of a straightened hairstyle.

Expert Q&A

In A Raisin in the Sun, what are Beneatha's feelings towards George Murchison?

Beneatha feels that George Murchison is shallow and sees himself as superior due to his wealth, expressing displeasure towards him. While she admits to liking him enough to date, she does not see him as a kindred spirit or soulmate. Her family favors George for his financial stability, hoping he will settle Beneatha. However, she is more intellectually and emotionally aligned with Joseph Asagai, who supports her ambition to become a doctor.

Why does Mama slap Beneatha in "A Raisin in the Sun"?

Mama slaps Beneatha across the face because her daughter says, “There simply is no blasted God.” This statement shortly follows her saying, “I don’t believe in God.”

Why does Beneatha want to be a doctor in A Raisin in the Sun despite the lack of support?

Beneatha wants to be a doctor because she has a deep desire to cure people, inspired by witnessing a boy named Rufus recover from a severe injury. Despite the lack of support and the unrealistic nature of her dream given her family's financial situation, she remains determined. Her aspiration also represents a new generation's awakening to black identity and revolutionary ideals.

Compare Beneatha's relationships with Asagai and George in A Raisin in the Sun. Who does she prefer?

Beneatha's relationships with Asagai and George in A Raisin in the Sun reflect her internal conflict between assimilation and Pan-Africanism. George represents assimilation and the adoption of white American values, focusing on economic advancement. In contrast, Asagai embodies African pride, independence, and a deep sense of honor, which appeals more to Beneatha. She prefers Asagai, as his values align more closely with her desire for cultural identity and personal pride.

How is the conflict of George trying to change Beneatha in A Raisin in the Sun resolved?

The conflict between George and Beneatha is resolved when Beneatha ends their relationship. George wants Beneatha to conform to his expectations of a passive woman and dismisses her desire for meaningful conversation. During a tense exchange, George belittles her thoughts and insists on superficiality. Beneatha, valuing her independence and intellect, rejects his advances and ultimately decides she cannot be with someone who does not respect her aspirations and individuality.

What does Beneatha mean when she says "we need to overcome the Ku Klux Klan and Mrs. Johnson"?

Beneatha means that, in addition to overcoming external racism symbolized by the Ku Klux Klan, they must also overcome internalized racism and discouragement within their own community, represented by Mrs. Johnson. Mrs. Johnson embodies the attitude of some black individuals who resent others in their race attempting to improve their social status.

What childhood memory does Beneatha share with Asagai and why?

Beneatha shares a childhood memory with Asagai about seeing a young boy, Rufus, injured in a sledding accident. This experience inspired her desire to become a doctor, as she was amazed by the ability to "fix him up" and make him whole again. She confides in Asagai as she feels discouraged, seeing her dream as childish after Walter Lee loses the insurance money. She hopes Asagai can reignite her ambition and idealism.

What obstacles could defer Beneatha's dream of becoming a doctor in A Raisin in the Sun?

Beneatha's dream of becoming a doctor faces several obstacles, primarily financial and societal. The family's financial struggles make funding her education challenging, as she needs part of the insurance money. Additionally, as a woman of color in the mid-20th century, she confronts societal inertia related to class, race, and gender. These social dimensions present significant barriers to her pursuit of a medical career.

What cultural differences cause tension between Beneatha and Asagai in A Raisin in the Sun?

Cultural differences between Beneatha and Asagai create tension as Beneatha struggles to reconcile her African roots with her American identity. While she expresses pride in her heritage, she becomes disillusioned when her dream of becoming a doctor seems unattainable. Asagai, however, remains optimistic and encourages Beneatha to persevere. He views life as an opportunity to overcome challenges, contrasting with Beneatha's more pessimistic outlook. This divergence highlights their differing cultural perspectives on dreams and resilience.

How do Beneatha and Walter's outlooks on life differ from their mother's at the start of the play?

Beneatha and Walter have ambitious dreams, contrasting with their mother's more grounded aspirations. Beneatha aims to become a doctor, a rare pursuit for an African American woman in the mid-1900s, and explores various interests. Walter dreams of entrepreneurship through owning a liquor store, seeking financial independence. In contrast, their mother, Mama, desires a stable home for the family, focusing on security and protection, reflecting a different approach to achieving the American Dream.

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Ruth

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Ruth Younger is Walter’s thirty-year-old wife. Once an attractive woman, Ruth’s “disappointment has already begun to hang in her face.” She is a domestic servant who, like Lena, works tirelessly to keep her family together. At the start of the play, Ruth and Walter’s relationship is strained, and Walter blames Ruth for his life’s misfortunes. Despite these strains, Ruth goes to any and all lengths to save their marriage, from trying to persuade Lena to allow Walter to invest in the liquor store to considering aborting their unborn child to save their family from additional financial and emotional burdens. However, when she discovers that Lena has put a down payment on a larger house in Clybourne Park, Ruth’s hope is renewed, her marriage improves, and she keeps the baby.

Expert Q&A

In A Raisin in the Sun, what is Ruth Younger's importance?

Ruth Younger's importance lies in her role as a catalyst for change in the family. As Walter's wife and Travis's mother, her consideration of abortion due to financial struggles highlights the family's dire situation. This prompts Lena Younger to buy a house, symbolizing hope and change. Ruth's eventual decision to keep the baby signifies her resilience and commitment to family, reinforcing the theme of life persisting despite hardship.

In A Raisin in the Sun, what is Ruth's relationship with her family?

Ruth's relationship with her family in A Raisin in the Sun is complex yet nurturing. She generally gets along well with Lena, empathizing with her as another woman married into the family. Ruth faces strain with Walter due to financial pressures and his ambitions, but she acts as a peacemaker and mother figure, especially to her son Travis. Her decision to keep her baby symbolizes hope and renewal for the family.

In A Raisin in the Sun, what strains Walter and Ruth's marriage the most?

The greatest strains on Walter and Ruth's marriage in A Raisin in the Sun include their financial difficulties and their worldviews. Walter and Ruth's poverty impacts their life decisions, such as whether or not Ruth should have an abortion. Their differing worldviews likewise cause tension, as Walter is a dreamer while Ruth is realistic. 

What does Ruth discover at the doctor's office in "A Raisin in the Sun"?

Ruth discovers she is pregnant during her visit to the doctor's office. This revelation is critical as it highlights the family's financial struggles and Ruth's consideration of an abortion. Her visit to a female doctor instead of her regular physician suggests she is contemplating this option. The pregnancy amplifies the sense of impending change within the family, reflecting both their current hardships and the potential for a new beginning with their planned move to Clybourne Park.

Analyze the following quote from "A Raisin in the Sun": "We ain't no business people Ruth, we just plain working folks."

The quote highlights Lena Younger's skepticism about her son Walter's business aspirations in "A Raisin in the Sun." Lena views her family as "plain working folks" and is wary of Walter's dreams of owning a liquor store, fearing his lack of business acumen. This tension underscores generational and ideological divides in the family, as Lena prioritizes stability over risky ventures. Ultimately, Walter's business failure reinforces Lena's belief and leads him to embrace his role as a family man.

What does Ruth's reference to bombings in a chat with George Murchison reveal about her awareness of racial tensions?

Ruth's reference to bombings during her conversation with George Murchison reveals her acute awareness of racial tensions in Chicago. This comment demonstrates Ruth's understanding that racial violence, such as bombings of black homes and churches by angry white citizens, is a pressing issue. Ruth's insight into the social climate is evident as she casually mentions the bombings, highlighting the dangerous environment that her family faces.

In A Raisin in the Sun, how does Ruth respond to Walter's rudeness?

Ruth responds to Walter's rudeness with emotional support and nurturing in A Raisin in the Sun. Rather than contradicting him, she redirects his attention subtly, as seen when she encourages him to eat his eggs despite his dismissive comments. Ruth embodies her role as a supportive wife and caretaker, focusing on maintaining family harmony rather than confronting Walter's rudeness directly.

Why does Ruth scramble Walter's eggs in "A Raisin in the Sun" despite his preference?

Ruth scrambles Walter's eggs despite his preference to illustrate the power dynamics in their relationship, where Ruth is initially the dominant partner. Walter feels ignored and ineffective, exacerbating his frustration and contributing to a cycle of cynicism and alcoholism. This act symbolizes the lack of communication and respect Walter perceives, which he only begins to overcome in the final act when he reclaims his dignity and leadership within the family.

What does Ruth's line, "You mean graft?", reveal about her rift with Walter in A Raisin in the Sun?

In Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun, Walter talks about his plan to get his liquor store license approved. Ruth responds, "You mean graft?"

Ruth's line "You mean graft?" reveals her skepticism about Walter's ethics and plans to achieve the American Dream through questionable means. While Walter is willing to engage in bribery to secure a liquor store license, Ruth embodies caution and a strong work ethic, reflecting their differing approaches to achieving success. This rift highlights the strain in their marriage caused by socioeconomic pressures, though their relationship is resilient enough to endure these challenges.

In A Raisin in the Sun, why is Ruth shocked about Mama's house in Clybourne Park?

In A Raisin in the Sun, Ruth is so shocked when Mama announces that the house she bought is in Clybourne Park because no African Americans live there. She wonders whether it might have been possible to buy a house in another neighborhood.

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Travis

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Travis Willard Younger is Ruth and Walter’s ten-year-old son. He is a handsome boy and everyone dotes on him. He is content with how things are and enjoys the attention he receives from his family. Unlike his father, who aspires to rise above the working class, Travis simply desires to become a bus driver.

Expert Q&A

What was Travis's gift to Mama in "A Raisin in the Sun"?

Travis's gift to Mama in A Raisin in the Sun is a large, elaborate gardening hat. Despite the other adults finding the gift humorous, Mama sincerely appreciates it and promises to wear it when she teaches Travis how to grow flowers in the spring.

What is Travis's dream in A Raisin in the Sun (act 1, scene 1)?

Travis doesn’t have a clear dream like everyone else, but in act 1, scene 1, he expresses a drive to make money. He asks Ruth for fifty cents to bring to school, but she says she doesn’t have it. He then asks multiple times if he can carry groceries outside the supermarket after school to earn the money. This shows that even though he is a bit spoiled, he is willing to work hard to get what he wants.

What is revealed when Travis asks his father if he's drunk in A Raisin in the Sun?

When Travis asks his father if he's drunk, it reveals that Walter has been frequently intoxicated, indicating chronic depression linked to his unfulfilled dreams. Walter's drinking stems from his despair over his goals being dismissed by his family. His response to Travis—"Daddy ain't going to never be drunk again"—suggests a turning point following his mother's decision to support him financially, providing hope and motivation to pursue his dreams without alcohol.

Joseph Asagai

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One of Beneatha’s suitors, Joseph Asagai is a handsome, intellectual, and charismatic college student from Nigeria. Unlike Beneatha’s other suitor, who eschews his African heritage, Asagai embraces it. He encourages Beneatha to embrace her African heritage and identity as well. He bluntly questions why she wears her hair straight, and he convinces her to wear African garb and an Afro. However, his opinions are slightly contradictory. Asagai believes that the only feeling a woman should feel is love for her husband. At the end of the play, he proposes marriage to Beneatha and asks her to move to Africa with him once she becomes a doctor. The text of the play suggests that Beneatha will accept his proposal.

George Murchison

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George Murchison is an affluent college student whom Beneatha dates for some time. Murchison and Beneatha do not share the same values—he is conservative with middle-class sensibilities—and Beneatha grows to dislike him. He is the antithesis of both Beneatha and Asagai—conservative and unappreciative of his African identity.

Expert Q&A

Compare and contrast the life views of George Murchison and Joseph Asagai.

George Murchison values wealth, traditional gender roles, and assimilation into white American society, viewing African heritage as shameful. He is arrogant, materialistic, and condescending towards Beneatha. In contrast, Joseph Asagai deeply respects African heritage, advocates for Nigerian independence, and values Beneatha's thoughts and emotions. Asagai's compassionate and positive outlook on life starkly contrasts with George's shallow and elitist views.

What actions does George Murchison take in A Raisin in the Sun?

In "A Raisin in the Sun," George Murchison serves as a foil to Asagai, highlighting themes of assimilation and identity. He takes Beneatha on dates that reflect upper-class, assimilationist values, earning Walter Lee's disdain. George is dismissive of Walter's business ideas and Beneatha's intellect, focusing instead on her appearance. His arrogance and lack of genuine interest in Beneatha's thoughts create tension, contrasting sharply with Asagai's genuine engagement with her ideas.

Karl Lindner

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Karl Lindner is the white representative of the Welcoming Committee of Clybourne Park. He approaches the Youngers in order to dissuade them from moving into Clybourne Park. In his effort to prevent the Younger family from integrating into this white neighborhood, Lindner offers to buy the house Lena put a down payment on at a profit. In the final scene of the play, the Youngers refuse his offer, signaling a blow to the systematic segregation of housing communities that Lindner represents.

Expert Q&A

What do you notice about Karl Lindner's speech to the Youngers in A Raisin in the Sun?

Karl Lindner's speech to the Youngers is marked by hesitations and euphemisms, reflecting his discomfort and the sensitive nature of his task. Described as "a gentle man," Lindner carefully chooses his words, often pausing and using vague terms like "special community problems" to mask his true intentions. His nervousness is further highlighted by verbal utterances such as "uh," indicating his struggle to articulate the controversial offer he is about to present.

Karl Lindner's Significance in A Raisin in the Sun

Karl Lindner in A Raisin in the Sun symbolizes the subtle, polite racism of white middle-class society. As the representative of the Clybourne Park Improvement Association, he visits the Younger family to dissuade them from moving into a white neighborhood, offering them money instead. His character represents societal attempts to maintain segregation and challenges the Youngers' dreams of integration. Lindner's name may allude to "Mister Charlie," a term for slave owners, highlighting themes of racial tension and identity.

Bobo

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Walter Younger hands over his portion of his father’s life insurance money to his friend and business partner Bobo. Bobo appears on stage in act 2, scene 3, to reveal that Willy Harris, another business partner in the liquor store venture, has fled with all of his and Walter’s money.

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