The Melekhovs, residing in the quaint village of Tatarsk along the Don River in czarist Russia, are a family enveloped in drama. Gregor, their eldest son, finds himself ensnared in a passionate affair with Aksinia, the wife of his neighbor, Stepan Astakhov, who is serving in the army. Although Gregor's father arranges a marriage for him with Natalia Korshunov, hoping to anchor him with a stable family life, Gregor remains emotionally distant, leaving the marriage cold and loveless.

Scandal and Consequences

As whispers of the affair spread like wildfire through the village, Gregor's father resorts to physical punishment, leaving Gregor humiliated and enraged. In response, Gregor abandons his home and, alongside Aksinia, takes up work with the affluent Listnitsky family. Life takes a turn when Aksinia gives birth to Gregor's daughter, prompting a visit from Gregor’s father just as Gregor prepares to join the army.

Disillusionment and Reconciliation

Meanwhile, Natalia, heartbroken by Gregor’s indifference, attempts suicide but survives, returning to her family until the Melekhovs beckon her back. Gregor's initial homecoming from military service is marked by a devastating discovery of Aksinia’s infidelity with Eugene Listnitsky, the son of his employer. Aksinia’s daughter’s death only fuels Gregor’s fury, culminating in a confrontation with Eugene and a bitter parting from Aksinia, leading Gregor to reconcile with Natalia, who has since given birth to twins.

Military Exploits and Internal Conflict

In the throes of war against the Central Powers, Gregor earns acclaim as a decorated soldier, achieving the Cross of St. George. This commendation results in him being the first villager to be honored as a Chevalier. During his military service, he encounters his brother Piotra and his adversary Stepan Astakhov, whom he surprisingly saves during a skirmish, despite Stepan's vow of revenge.

Revolution Brews

Dissatisfaction among soldiers grows, amplified by Bolshevik agitators who vehemently oppose the government and the ongoing war. In Eugene’s unit, Bunchuk emerges as a prominent voice against authority, deserting just before being apprehended by Listnitsky.

Soviet Change and Civil War

The establishment of a Soviet Socialist Republic follows the collapse of Kerensky's provisional government. With civil unrest igniting the nation, the Cossacks, including Gregor and his allies, find themselves aligning with counterrevolutionary forces led by figures like Kornilov, seeking autonomy for the Don region. Meanwhile, Gregor chooses to serve the Red Army as an officer amidst the turbulent transition.

Battles and Personal Loss

As revolutionary troops face intense opposition in Rostov, Bunchuk, now a key operator in the revolutionary defense, forges a bond with Anna Poodko, a fellow machine gunner. Her untimely death during combat marks a poignant moment of personal loss amid the chaos. Ultimately, the counterrevolutionaries force Red Army troops to retreat.

Return to Village Life

Gregor returns home to Tatarsk, striving to resume a semblance of normality. However, the specter of further revolutionary advances looms, prompting panic among villagers. Defying the impulse to flee, Gregor stands his ground as alarming tales of violence and pillaging proliferate. Though initially nominated as a leader of the defensive efforts, Gregor’s allegiance to the Reds disqualifies him, resulting in his brother Piotra assuming command.

Confrontation and Reflection

Marching out with village forces, Gregor is soon confronted with the aftermath of their failed mission, encountering captured revolutionary leaders. When questioned about their fate, he learns they face execution. In an emotional encounter with his former leader Podtielkov, Gregor's internal conflict and disillusionment surface. He accuses Podtielkov of betrayal, blaming him for selling out the Cossacks, while Podtielkov and fellow revolutionaries face death with the assertion that their cause will endure. Gregor returns, burdened by the weight of his choices, to the familiarity of his Cossack roots.