Elizabeth is very much her father's daughter. She's bright, level-headed and perceptive. Lizzy and her father share a heightened sense of the absurdity of the social conventions of the time and this allows the reader to gain an insight into the value system of Regency England. Mr. Bennet trusts Lizzy's judgement implicitly; he knows that she'll make the right choice of husband, however long it takes. The mutual bond of trust and respect between father and daughter makes for a close and loving relationship.
With Mrs. Bennet , on the other hand, it's a rather different story. She is absolutely obsessed with society's conventions and what other people will think of her family. For Mrs. Bennet, reputation is all. To this end, she concerns herself to an unhealthy degree with the so-called marriage market and her daughters' place within it. What ultimately matters for her is that her daughters find...
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a respectably rich husband. This puts her at odds with Lizzy, who wants to marry for love. Not surprisingly, this huge difference in values puts a strain on their relationship, and the two could never be described as close.
While Elizabeth dearly loves her father, despite his faults, and is his
favorite, it is clear that she has no admiration for her mother.
Austen very clearly states that the relationship between
Elizabeth and her mother is an estranged one.
In fact, as Mrs. Bennet is leaving Netherfield after the ball, Austen describes
Mrs. Bennet as thinking to herself about how pleased she was to be believing
that Jane would soon be married to Mr. Bingley and living in Netherfield but
that also Elizabeth would be married to Mr. Collins. Since "Elizabeth was least
dear to her of all her children," she felt that Mr. Collins was "quite good
enough for her" (Vol. 1, Ch. 18). Likewise, Elizabeth feels equal
dislike for her mother. In fact, it is shown that Elizabeth is frequently
humiliated by her mother's lack of social decorum. For example, Mrs. Bennet
encourages Kitty's and Lydia's flirtation with the soldiers. Also, she is
frequently saying ridiculous and socially improper things, such as, at the
Netherfield ball, she loudly talks to Lady Lucas about the prospect of Jane
marrying Bingley, right in Bingley's own home, well before an engagement has
even been established.
In contrast to Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth is Mr. Bennet's
favorite, and Elizabeth shares the sentiment. Even in
the very first chapter it is made clear that Elizabeth is Mr. Bennet's favorite
daughter. He feels that Elizabeth is the only one of the Bennet women who
actually has any sense and enough quickness of mind to match his own, as we see
when he says, "They are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has
something more of quickness than her sisters" (Vol. 1, Ch. 1). However, while
she feels an equal amount of affection for her father, she can't help but
notice his faults. His biggest fault is that he married a
woman who was socially beneath him merely for her beauty, and she turned out to
be a very stupid, crass, and ridiculous person who is raising their daughters
to behave improperly. Elizabeth feels that he is sensitive enough of the
dangers and intelligent enough to give them better guidance but instead has
taken a laissez-faire attitude and prefers to laugh at his wife instead. Austen
is speaking of his intelligence and how it could be put to better use in
raising his daughters when she says that Elizabeth was "fully aware of the
evils arising from so ill-judged a direction of talents; talents which rightly
used, might at least have preserved the respectability of his daughters" (Vol.
2, Ch. 42). Therefore, while Elizabeth feels a great deal of mutual
affection for her father, even her relationship with him is imperfect
due to the character flaws she observes in him.