Walter J. Ong’s scholarly exploration traverses two predominant themes: the theological, or spiritual, and the cultural dimensions of human experience. Across his body of work, Ong persistently investigates the confluence of these realms, emphasizing how language becomes a conduit through which humans articulate their spiritual essence. This dual focus seamlessly integrates secular inquiries with religious perspectives, creating a unique tapestry that reflects the complexity of human expression.

Central to Ong’s intellectual pursuit is the concept of the “word,” a term he interprets with multifaceted significance. On one hand, it refers to the tangible units of language, the audible symbols humans use to communicate. On the other, it echoes the theological notion of the divine logos, embodying the spirit of God, particularly within the context of Christian theology as it pertains to Christ. This dual significance pervades his works, as evidenced in titles such as The Presence of the Word, Interfaces of the Word (1977), and Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (1982). Clearly, the notion of "word" acts as a cornerstone in Ong’s theoretical framework, serving as a lens through which he explores the evolution of human culture.

Among his publications, The Presence of the Word stands out as perhaps the most succinct encapsulation of Ong’s overarching thesis. In this seminal text, he articulates his theory of a tripartite cultural evolution driven by communication systems, charting humanity’s journey from an oral-aural culture to one dominated by the written word, and ultimately to an electronic era that synthesizes elements of both previous stages. This progression, according to Ong, brings individuals closer to a comprehensive understanding of the "word" in all its manifestations.

Ong’s exploration of these themes extends across his oeuvre, with certain works delving into specific details or historical contexts, such as Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue: From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason (1958) and Rhetoric, Romance and Technology: Studies in the Interaction of Expression and Culture (1971). Nevertheless, it is in The Presence of the Word that Ong articulates his insights with particular clarity and conviction. This work thus holds an essential place for those deeply engaged in the study of contemporary culture and religious thought, offering a profound understanding of how communication shapes and reflects the human spirit.