Praisesong for the Widow

by Paule Marshall

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Part 2, Chapters 1–2 Summary and Analysis

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Part 2, Chapter 1

As Avey rests in a recliner in the hotel in Grenada, her deceased husband appears to her in a vision. Jay is irate, asking her if she knows what she’s “playing around with” and insisting that she must want to return to the place where the two of them began their lives together.

This period of time was spent on Halsey Street in Brooklyn, which was marked by the economic struggles the two faced for twelve years. Living through those struggles continued to affect Jay for the rest of his life, influencing the decisions he made in maintaining the family’s food reserves, in their insurance policies, and in the way Jay dedicated himself to earning money.

The night before his fatal stroke, Jay called out to Avey, “Do you know who you sound like, who you even look like?” He had first asked her this question during a particularly heated argument during the winter of 1947; Avey was pregnant with Marion, and their other two daughters were one and four. She felt trapped by a third pregnancy and resented having to quit her job again. In fact, she had tried various means of ending the pregnancy but had stopped short of scheduling an abortion; her friend Grace had died from a massive hemorrhage during her own abortion procedure.

Avey was also convinced during this time that Jay was having an affair with one of the white girls he worked with. At first, he met her accusations with calm reasoning, assuring her that he had enough ladies in his life, referring to Avey and their daughters. Avey was unrelenting in her suspicions, however, and eventually Jay met her questions with silence and avoidance. Jay’s hours were increasingly long at the small department store where he worked; he explained that the boss often asked him to work overtime, but Avey remained convinced that he was meeting a female coworker when his shift ended.

One “fateful Tuesday” in winter when she was eight months pregnant with Marion, the tension between Avey and Jay reached its peak. As she waited for him to come home, Avey became increasingly agitated. Pacing around their apartment, she was surprised by the sight of her own reflection, wearing a robe stained with baby food and sporting Jay’s slippers, which was the only footwear she could fit into at this point in her pregnancy. Her resentment increased when she saw her dresses hanging in the closet, as she knew that none of them would fit anymore. Avey began to worry that when she went into labor, Jay might not even be home, as she was convinced that he might at that moment be lying somewhere with another woman’s legs wrapped around him.

Part 2, Chapter 2 

Avey had worked herself into a rage by the time Jay appeared at the door that evening. His initial response was simply to stand and listen to his wife in silence, avoiding her eyes and her stomach. Avey asked him why he bothered coming home at all and told him she never should have married him. 

For the first time, Jay met her accusations with open frustration. He told Avey to take his job at the store so that she could see how it was to work for a “red-faced Irishman who . . . [laughs] to himself at the colored boy he’s got doing everything.” Hearing her father’s voice prompted Sis, their oldest child, to rise from bed; she begged her parents to stop fighting and finally started hitting both of them. Jay insisted that they were all miserable because of Avey’s...

(This entire section contains 1032 words.)

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attitude and criticisms and that he should have left her when he first saw her. Avey raised her hand to strike him, and her voice was venomous as she told him, “Goddamn you, nigger, I’ll take my babies and go!

Jay was shocked into silence. After recovering, he whispered, “Do you know who you sound like . . . who you even look like?” He was referring to a woman who lived in the apartment beneath theirs and who regularly and loudly aired her unsparing grievances toward the man she lived with. The man with whom she fought was often accused of spending his entire paycheck at a bar on Fridays, leaving his children lacking for necessities. The insults and outrage of this woman often filled the early morning hours in Avey and Jay’s bedroom.

Hearing Avey’s scathing response was so shocking that for a brief moment, Jay appeared to be backing toward the door. Before his foot could come down as he took that initial step, he changed his course and instead stepped forward to take Avey and Sis in a tearful embrace. The effort was clearly painful for him, leaving him trembling.

Analysis 

Although Avey seems to avoid conflict with her traveling companions, these chapters reveal that she was capable of behaving quite differently when she was married to Jay. Feeling that a third pregnancy had robbed her of the opportunities and freedoms she longed for, Avey began projecting her disappointments onto her husband. The limited third-person narration doesn’t allow for assurance that Jay remained faithful to Avey, but his self-defense is plausible. For a Black man to actively seek out sexual relationships with white women during the 1940s would have been a risky proposition. Jay’s commitment to simultaneously working multiple jobs proves that he is dedicated to providing for his family, so it is unlikely that he would have taken such a risk simply in order to pursue an affair. Nonetheless, Avey antagonizes her husband until that transformational evening. When Jay meets Avey with anger of his own, her insults rip apart the seams of their relationship. Jay considers leaving, yet with his foot poised in mid-air as he backs toward the door, he suddenly changes course. His sobs indicate that this isn’t a happy reconciliation but an act of self-betrayal. The pain of the embrace indicates Jay’s decision to sacrifice his own happiness in an effort to support his wife and daughters, ultimately characterizing him as a loyal man.

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Part 1, Chapters 4–6 Summary and Analysis

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Part 2, Chapters 3–5 Summary and Analysis

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