Euclio

Euclio is an Athenian miser, characterized by his obsessive secrecy and paranoia about a pot of gold that was hidden by his grandfather and revealed to him by his household deity. This pot of gold becomes the focal point of his life, driving him nearly to madness as he goes to great lengths to conceal it. Despite his perpetual suspicion of theft from those around him, he agrees to the marriage of his daughter, Phaedria, to the wealthy and much older Megadorus because it doesn't require a dowry. Euclio is further bewildered by Phaedria's lack of desire to marry Megadorus, owing to her pregnancy by Lyconides, another suitor. Although initially driven by greed, Euclio undergoes a transformation and ultimately bestows the gold upon Phaedria and Lyconides, securing their future and happiness. His story serves as a moral tale derived from one of Menander's lost comedies.

Phaedria

Phaedria is the young and devoted daughter of Euclio. Her character is central to the narrative, as her pregnancy by Lyconides sets off a chain of events and conflicts. Despite her significant role, Phaedria is a passive participant in the story, where decisions about her life are made by the men around her. Her devotion endears her to the household deity, who wishes to reveal the hidden gold to help her. Although she does not appear directly in the action of the play, her offstage voice is heard during childbirth, symbolizing a shift from innocence to responsibility. Eventually, her marriage to Lyconides is secured with the return of the gold, illustrating her journey from a muted presence to a pivotal figure in the resolution of the play's conflicts.

Household Deity

The household deity plays a crucial role in The Pot of Gold, providing insights into the backstory of the gold. This spirit has safeguarded the treasure since it was entrusted to him by Euclio's grandfather. The deity's actions are driven by a desire to aid Phaedria, whom he favors due to her piety. His decision to reveal the gold's location to Euclio is intended to ameliorate the family's plight, showing a benevolent side in his guardianship and a profound concern for the well-being of those under his watch.

Lyconides

Lyconides is the young Athenian man who fathers Phaedria's child. Initially, he is portrayed as irresponsible, having wronged Phaedria while intoxicated. However, he demonstrates growth by confessing to his mother, Eunomia, about his deed and seeking her help to win Phaedria's hand from his uncle, Megadorus. His character is defined by his late but earnest attempt to rectify his mistakes, choosing to return the stolen gold to Euclio and marry Phaedria, thereby legitimizing their child. Through these actions, Lyconides redeems himself and gains the blessing of Euclio.

Megadorus

Megadorus is an elderly, wealthy Athenian who desires to marry Phaedria purely because she lacks a dowry, avoiding the entanglements he believes would come with marrying a wealthy woman. His character adds a layer of satire to the play, with his pursuit of a vastly younger bride serving as a critique of older men's desires. Despite his intentions, he eventually steps aside to allow his nephew, Lyconides, to marry Phaedria, showcasing a moment of selflessness and familial loyalty. Megadorus also represents traditional Athenian values and serves as a vehicle for Plautus to criticize certain social norms.

Staphyla

Staphyla, the elderly servant in Euclio's household, is depicted as a caring and loyal figure. Her awareness of Phaedria's pregnancy and her concern for the young woman's well-being highlight her maternal instincts and dedication. Despite Euclio's initial suspicions of her intentions regarding his gold, Staphyla remains steadfast in...