Discussion Topic

The symbolism and significance of the apple in "A Poison Tree."

Summary:

In "A Poison Tree," the apple symbolizes the speaker's growing anger and resentment. The apple's eventual consumption by the speaker's foe represents the destructive consequences of suppressed emotions and the speaker's desire for revenge.

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What does the apple symbolize in "A Poison Tree"?

In "The Poison Tree," the apple has multiple meanings, representing "wrath," temptation and deception. 

The narrator of the poem tells the story of nursing an angry grudge against an enemy who has injured him. Rather than confronting his enemy, he buries the grudge and nurses it.

And I waterd it...

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in fears, 
Night & morning with my tears: 
And I sunned it with smiles, 
And with soft deceitful wiles. 

This wrath then grows into an "apple:"

Till it bore an apple bright.
This apple of wrath then becomes temptation to the enemy:  
And my foe beheld it shine.
The persona telling the story has disguised his anger so well by pretending everything is fine that he deceives his enemy, who is lured in to his trap. Mistaking the persona for a friend, the persona's enemy enters his "garden." Here, instead of encountering friendship, he is poisoned by the "wrath" of his enemy.
The poem conjures the story of Eve tempted by Satan to eat the shiny fruit, often depicted as an apple, on the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Satan does not have Eve's best wishes at heart, but full of wrath, like the persona in this story, wants to bring about her death. Tempted by Satan's lies, Eve eats the apple, just as the persona's "enemy" does. Because she and Adam (who also eats the apple) are driven from Paradise, they become mortal and die. 
Blake's poem warns us not to plant the "apple" of wrath or anger, for that leads to poisoned relationships and death. We need instead to deal with our anger instead of nursing resentments. 
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How does the development of the apple in "A Poison Tree" relate to the poem's meaning?

This is a poem that deals explicitly with the way in which nursing grudges and hatred can result in bearing a kind of fruit that gives full expression to our rage, anger and hatred. It is key to realise the way in which Blakes uses the extended metaphor of gardening to depict the growth of our anger and hatred. Note, for example, the second stanza and the way that the speaker deliberately nurses his grude:

And I watered it in fears,
Night and morning with my tears;
And I sunned it with smiles,
And with soft deceitful wiles.

As a result of all of this cultivation, we are told that an apple appears in the third stanza. Symbolically, this apple is the fruit of hatred and discord, and thus it only seems logical that it is full of pure poison, and when the speaker's enemy steals into the garden to eat it, he dies as a result.

This poem therefore talks about the way in which we nurse anger and just how dangerous and destructive that can be, both to ourselves and to the person we are nursing that anger against. The development and growth of the apple shows the development and growth of anger and how it can reach a size that results in harm to those around us. 

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