pity this busy monster,manunkind

by E. E. Cummings

Start Free Trial

Individual vs. Collective

Download PDF PDF Page Citation Cite Share Link Share

E. E. Cummings’s poetry often revolves around stark contrasts, and one of his works encapsulates a profound tension between individualism and collectivism, as well as natural versus artificial existence. Cummings lamented the modern world's trajectory, where human innovation increasingly encroaches upon and reshapes the natural world. This poem vividly portrays the societal trend of "manunkind"—a term he uses to describe a collective that frantically undermines the beauty of the natural world, represented by "poor stones and stars," under the guise of progress.

Despite claims of advancing collective well-being, this supposed progress overlooks the importance of individual spirit, ultimately leading to failure. Cummings illustrates this through poignant metaphors, likening society to a terminally ill patient. In this metaphor, the "body politic" plays a futile game with notions of grandeur and insignificance: "your victim (death and life safely beyond)/ plays with the bigness of his littleness." The implication is that society, in its rush to prioritize the masses, has transcended the meaningful boundaries of life and death, resulting in the erosion of individual identity—a dehumanizing experience Cummings observed firsthand during the world wars.

Natural vs. Artificial

Download PDF PDF Page Citation Cite Share Link Share

E.E. Cummings’s poetry is often a vivid exploration of oppositions, with one of his notable works highlighting the tension between individuals and collectives, as well as the natural and the artificial. In this poem, Cummings voices his dismay at the modern world's trajectory, where the natural environment is continually molded and often marred by human synthesis. He paints a picture of "manunkind" as a relentless force, a "busy monster" that is set on conquering and disrupting the serene fabric of "poor stones and stars" in pursuit of progress.

This relentless push for progress, ostensibly aimed at benefiting society at large, tragically overlooks the essence and vitality of the individual. Cummings's words suggest that such progress is ultimately futile, a sentiment that becomes clear through his metaphors. He depicts the body politic akin to a terminal patient, where life and death have been rendered meaningless: “your victim (death and life safely beyond)/ plays with the bigness of his littleness.” This poignant metaphor underscores a society that has become so consumed with treating the collective that it has stripped away the humanity of the individual, a decline Cummings personally observed during the world wars.

Critique of Technological Progress

Download PDF PDF Page Citation Cite Share Link Share

The metaphor of technology as an insatiable force is vividly illustrated through the critique of societal reliance on experts, particularly doctors, who epitomize the mechanized approach to life's complexities. In this narrative, the body politic is detached from its individual and organic components, deemed "a hopeless case." Confronted with the inevitability of death, these technology-driven doctors embody a kind of imperialism, constantly seeking new frontiers to conquer, such as the alluring prospect of the universe "next door." The concluding invitation to "let's go" serves a dual purpose. It ironically highlights the progress enthusiasts' blind optimism as they venture into a utopian tomorrow that, true to the essence of the word "utopia," exists nowhere.

Simultaneously, the poet adopts a role akin to a doctor, diagnosing societal malaise and offering a remedy through a different lens—one of poetic sensibility. This invitation may serve as a genuine call to reimagine the world, urging people to shift their focus from relentless technological advancement to a deeper appreciation of the natural world. By heeding the poet's advice and reserving their compassion for the environment, there lies the potential to cultivate a future marked by what Cummings imagines as a "hell of a good universe." Thus, the poet champions a vision of a world saved by those who value and cherish nature, a theme resonant throughout Cummings' body of work.

Get Ahead with eNotes

Start your 48-hour free trial to access everything you need to rise to the top of the class. Enjoy expert answers and study guides ad-free and take your learning to the next level.

Get 48 Hours Free Access
Previous

Summary

Next

Analysis

Loading...