Student Question
Summarize chapter 25 of Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States.
Quick answer:
Chapter 25 of Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States critiques the 2000 presidential election and the U.S. response to 9/11. Zinn criticizes both George W. Bush and Al Gore, highlighting the pro-business stance of both major parties and the exclusion of third-party candidate Ralph Nader. He condemns the Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore and argues that the U.S. response to 9/11, driven by revenge, failed to address underlying issues.
Chapter 25, the last chapter in Howard Zinn's book, deals with two topics: the disputed presidential election of 2000 and America's reaction to the terrorist attack of 9/11.
The presidential election was a contest between Albert Gore and George W. Bush, Jr. Gore was serving as Vice President under Bill Clinton. Bush, Governor of Texas, was the Republican candidate.
Zinn is highly critical of Bush and only slightly less critical of Gore. Specifically, Zinn disparages Bush's record as Governor and his pro-oil business policies. He is also critical of Gore's selection of Senator Joseph Lieberman as his running mate. The Democrats, Zinn contends, were only slightly less pro-business and pro-military than their Republican opponents.
Zinn also criticizes the two-party system which prevented the third-party candidate, Ralph Nader, from participating in the television debates. Because neither of the two main parties represented most voters' interests, voter turnout on election day was not strong. In addition, Zinn strongly condemns the Supreme Court's Bush v. Gore case, which awarded the presidency to Bush.
Zinn also disapproves of Bush's response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. A "war on terror" cannot be won. Bombing innocent civilians in Afghanistan does not address the issues that motivated 9/11—such as America's support of Israeli occupation of Palestinian land. He criticizes the "jingoism" that was prevalent in post-9/11 America. Finally, America's reaction to 9/11 was motivated by revenge rather than by logic.
Get Ahead with eNotes
Start your 48-hour free trial to access everything you need to rise to the top of the class. Enjoy expert answers and study guides ad-free and take your learning to the next level.
Already a member? Log in here.