Themes: Alienation

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Paul's longing for beauty and glamour causes him to feel detached from most people. Cather demonstrates his sense of alienation through his unease around those who should be closest to him—his family, neighbors, and classmates. In the opening scene at his faculty hearing, Cather emphasizes this by describing how Paul withdraws from his teacher's supportive hand. He feels "loathing" for his own street, and while neighbors gather for friendly conversations on Sunday afternoons, he sits alone on the bottom step, "staring into the street." At school, he brags about his friendships with theater people and can't "bear to have the other pupils think" he takes his schoolwork seriously. Paul holds "contempt" for the ordinary world, believing he doesn't belong in it. He feels at ease only among the wealthy strangers in New York's dazzling crowd, yet even there, he has "no especial desire to meet or to know any of these people." Despite being among them, he remains an outsider in their society.

Expert Q&A

Is Paul a victim of society, his family background, his own character, or a false ideal in "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather?

Paul is primarily a victim of his own character in "Paul's Case," as his intrinsic flaw is the need to escape reality through art, which he experiences superficially. However, his family background and society exacerbate his condition, with the materialistic environment of Pittsburgh and his restrictive family life pushing him further into his false ideals. Ultimately, Paul's desire for an imaginative escape, rather than creating art himself, leads to his tragic end.

How does the father contribute to the theme?

The father in "Paul's Case" embodies the traditional values of the American Dream—hard work, family, and church. His adherence to these principles contrasts sharply with Paul's rejection of them, highlighting the theme. While Paul's father believes in achieving success through conventional means, Paul desires the rewards of the American Dream without the effort, viewing wealth as the ultimate goal. This conflict underscores Paul's struggle against societal expectations and his father's ambition for material success.

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Themes: Beauty

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