Disobedience is a central theme in John Milton's epic poem, Paradise Lost. The poem explores the consequences of defying divine authority, as seen in the fall of Satan and the subsequent fall of Adam and Eve. Milton's narrative begins with Satan's rebellion against God, leading to his expulsion from Heaven. This act of disobedience sets the stage for the entire epic, highlighting the severe repercussions of challenging God's supremacy.

Milton introduces the theme of disobedience in the prologue of Book 1, where he writes, "Of man's first disobedience, and the fruit / Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste / Brought death into the world, and all our woe." This passage underscores the gravity of Adam and Eve's transgression, which not only leads to their expulsion from Eden but also introduces death and suffering into the world. The "first disobedience" serves as a template for all subsequent human sins, emphasizing the far-reaching impact of their actions.

Satan's pride and refusal to accept God's authority are central to his disobedience. Milton describes Satan's punishment vividly: "Him the Almighty Power / Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky / With hideous ruin and combustion down / To bottomless perdition, there to dwell / In adamantine chains and penal fire." Despite his defeat, Satan's defiance persists, as he famously declares, "Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven." This statement encapsulates his rebellious spirit and unwillingness to submit to divine will.

The disobedience of Adam and Eve mirrors Satan's rebellion. Tempted by Satan, they eat the forbidden fruit, believing they can outsmart God. Their actions result in their exile from Eden, illustrating the theme that disobedience leads to loss and suffering. However, Milton also uses their fall to highlight God's mercy, as he sends Jesus to restore humanity's relationship with Him. This act of redemption underscores the possibility of forgiveness and reconciliation, even in the face of disobedience.

Milton's intention in Paradise Lost is not only to depict the consequences of disobedience but also to "justify the ways of God to men." By exploring the theme of disobedience, Milton seeks to demonstrate that God's actions are just and reasonable, even when they involve punishment. Through the narrative of Satan's fall and the fall of man, Milton emphasizes the importance of obedience to divine authority and the potential for redemption through God's grace.