Student Question

What is pantomime? What does "breaking the fourth wall" mean?

Quick answer:

Pantomime is an art form in which a performer does not communicate verbally, but through gestures, which can be set to music or accompanied by sound effects. Breaking the fourth wall refers to dissolving the invisible barrier that separates the audience from the stage and its performers. This technique involves incorporating the audience or its real-world surroundings into the performance. It is used to enhance many different types of performance, including pantomime.

Expert Answers

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Pantomime is a type of dramatic performance in which the performer does not speak, but uses gestures to communicate with the audience. These gestures can be accompanied by music or sound effects. The "fourth wall" is a theatrical term used to refer to the non-physical, imaginary wall that separates the real world of the audience from the world of the stage and its performers. Breaking the fourth wall refers to dissolving this invisible barrier and incorporating the audience in the performance. When breaking the fourth wall, the actors invite the audience to participate in the performance. This practice is especially popular in children's plays, as children are more likely to enjoy a performance they feel involved in, rather than one they are mere spectators of. An example of audience participation in a children's performance is Peter Pan's request for help in reviving Tinker Bell by asking the audience to clap if they believe in fairies in J.M. Barrie's Peter Pan. Breaking the fourth wall can also mean making reference to the audience, even if they are not asked to participate, or referring to the audience's surroundings. The theatrical technique is used to enhance many different types of performance, including drama, comedy, and pantomime. Given the non-verbal nature of pantomime, a performer may gesture to the audience or incorporate some part of the audience's real world in the performance. A pantomime actor also may silently invite members of the audience to participate in the performance.

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