Student Question

Is Robert Frost's poem "Out, Out—" a closed or open form structure?

Quick answer:

Robert Frost's poem "Out, Out—" is considered a closed form structure. Although it does not follow a rhyme scheme or have stanzas, it is written in blank verse, which is unrhymed iambic pentameter. This metrical consistency aligns it with closed form poetry, which typically features specific structures and rhythms, distinguishing it from open form poetry that lacks such constraints.

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Robert Frost's 1916 poem "Out, Out—" is considered to be a narrative poem; it is written in one long stanza and consists of thirty-four lines. The poem does not follow any rhyme scheme, although it is largely in iambic pentameter, with some metrical variations. As such, "Out, Out—" is written in blank verse—that is, unrhymed iambic pentameter. Frost's metrical approach allows the poem's rhythms to be reminiscent of regular conversation and everyday speech.

Closed form (also known as fixed form) poems usually have a specific structure: they have rhyme schemes, stanzas, and line lengths, as well as specific meters and rhythms, whereas open form poems are the opposite.

Although the poem lacks a rigidly defined structure—it has no stanzas or rhyme patterns—it adheres to blank verse, which is a coherent form that depends on a standard metrical scheme. Thus, it can be concluded that Frost's poem "Out, Out—" is a closed form poem.

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