possible route is to analyze the poetic techniques, and how they enhance themes or meaning to the poem.  For example, in the poem, Frost usespersonification to make the saw seem like a hungry, alive animal that is intent on hurting the boy.  This enhnaces a theme of how life has many things that are dangerous and make living a difficult thing.  If you take this route, your thesis could state, "Through personification, Frost makes it seem like life is out to get the boy," or something of that nature.

Picking a meaning or theme to the poem that struck you, then discussing how Frost brings that meaning to be is a good approach to writing a thesis.  I hope that helps to get you started; good luck!

The poem “Out, Out—“ by Robert Frost was based on an actual incident in Frost’s life. In April 1915, a neighbor and friend of the Frost family lost his hand to a buzz saw, and he bled so profusely that he died of heart failure. 

Title of poem

The title of the poem is an allusion to Shakespeare’s Macbeth. When Macbeth learns about Lady Macbeth’s death, Macbeth speaks:

Out, out brief candle!
Life is but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more.

In Macbeth’s soliloquy, he compares life to a candle. Sometimes the candle goes out too soon, and the person never really has the opportunity to experience life.  Macbeth also compared life to being an actor on the stage who is sometimes proud and often worried.  

Narration

The narration of the poem is first person.  As the poem progresses, the events are interpreted by the narrator. 

Form

The poem is divided into two parts: Section 1-lines 1-14; Section 2-lines 14-the end. The poem is written in free verse. 

It is both an auditory and visual experience to read the poem.  The poet employs personification with the buzz saw seeming to be alive and leaping at the boy’s hand.  Another device that is used is onomatopoeia for the sounds of the saw as the boy cuts the wood.

Paraphrasing

Section 1

The main character is a young boy who is cutting wood using a dangerous buzz saw.  The saw makes odd noises as it goes through the pieces of wood, which drop to the ground sized for the wood stove.  The wood smells good. If a person were to look around the scene, he would encounter the beauty of  Vermont and the five mountains.  

The saw continues running and making its odd sounds.  The day was almost over.  In fact, call it a day’s work. 

The narrator wishes that the boy could have stopped  a half-hour early so that he could do what boys like to do.

As usual, the boy’s sister comes out to tell the workers that it is suppertime.

Section 2

When the boy hears the sister, the saw acted as though it knew what the sister had said.  It jumped out at the boy’s hand or seemed to—

The boy must not have been paying attention and put his hand into the saw. It does not make any difference because the saw and the boy’s hand met.

At first the boy let out a kind of remorseful laugh as he turned toward the others showing them his hand.  He wanted help, and he knew the blood had to stop or he might lose his life.

When the boy actually looked at his hand, he knew that he might lose it—

Sadly, this little boy had been doing an adult job. He was too small to be using such a dangerous piece of equipment.

Then he cried out to his sister, begging her to not let them take off his hand.

So…The hand was already lost.  To fix this wound, the doctor gave him anesthetic: ether. The nurse watched the boy and saw that he was having trouble breathing.    Slowly, the boy’s breathing lessened.

And then—the watcher at his pulse took fright.
No one believed. They listened at his heart.
Little—less—nothing!—and that ended it.

 The boy died. This boy will never grow up.   

Life goes on. Since the people who were a part of his life could do nothing, they went on with their lives.

Life goes on. The boy made a fatal mistake and Frost says "No more to build on there" meaning the boy is now useless to his family. He can't be taught anything else and so those who are left must move on since "they Were not the one dead". While it seems a harsh verdict and a brutal way to think of death, it is realistic in a rural setting where work continues. The boy's relations and friends have their own "affairs" to look after and cannot dwell on the boy's death. Death is a way of life for working people in the country. Animals die, crops whither and a new cycle starts. They cannot stop to ponder the seemingly meaningless death of the boy. Frost suggests that life is meaningless in the allusion he uses for the title of the poem which comes from Shakespeare's MacBeth:

Out, out, brief candle!
Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.

“Out,Out—“ by Robert Frost is based on a real event.  When he was a teenager, Frost’s neighbor friend had his hand cut off in an accident.  This became the basis for this narrative poem.

 Another source for the poem comes from the Shakespearean play Macbeth. This allusion to Shakespeare gives the poem its title and is the primary theme of the play. The dialogue comes from Macbeth learning of the death of his wife when he speaks:

 “Out, out brief candle!
Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player
that struts and frets his hour upon the stage
and then is heard no more:”

Shakespeare compares the Lady Macbeth’s short life to the burning of a candle. Further, he compares a person’s life to an actor who struggles while she lives, and then she dies.  In this poem, the main character has his life blown out like the candle.  He, too, dies and then is heard from no more.

The setting of the poem provides a deceptively, beautiful area.  It is Vermont at sunset.  In the background there are five mountain ranges.  This is not the setting for such a meaningless, tragic death. From the Bible in Psalm 121, the verse reads: I will lift mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help…” In this poem, no one can help the young boy who loses control of the tool that he was using and cuts off his own hand.

Death is also at the heart of the poem.  This boy is doing work that is too dangerous for him.   Using a buzz saw, which obviously is a man’s tool, creates a situation that should never have been allowed by whoever was in charge of him. As the end of the day comes, his sister comes out to tell everyone to come to supper. Apparently, the boy is momentarily surprised by her words, and the saw seems to leap up and grab the boy’s hand, literally nearly cutting it off.

At the word, the saw,
As if to prove saws knew what supper meant,
Leaped out at the boy's hand, or seemed to leap—
He must have given the hand.

The boy knows that he is in danger of dying and tells his sister not to let them cut his hand off.  But he knows that it is too late. In his surgery and probably because of his blood loss, the boy’s heart stops. 

The ironic aspect of the reaction to the boy’s death again comes from Macbeth’s attitude toward the death without rage, tears, or crying.  This is the way the boy’s  family handles his death.  They are not the one who died, so they go on with their lives. His life “…signifying nothing”.

Another sad aspect of the poem pertains to the fact that so many things could have made the outcome different:

• The boy should not have been using this dangerous tool.
• Too bad that the boy was not allowed to quit a little earlier so that he could have played or just been like a young boy.
• His sister should not have surprised him while he was using this tool.

This is a young boy pretending to be a man.

Frost indicts this situation for any boy and laments his poignant death.

"Out, out" is a moderately complex poem based on a true life event. In 1915, a neighbors' son's hand was severed by a buzz saw.  

There are several themes at work in this thirty-nine line poem. The first is the theme of danger. The poem begins, "The buzz-saw snarled and rattled in the yard." "Snarling" is personifying the saw, making it, from the get-go, appear menacing and dangerous.  

A few lines down, the saw seems to have gained an even stronger dark power. As the boy's sister calls him to supper, 

... the saw,
As if to prove saws knew what supper meant,
Leaped out at the boy's hand, or seemed to leap—

This leads into the second major theme of the poem, that of a child being forced to do the work of a man. The speaker seems to feel pity for the boy, 

I wish they might have said
To please the boy by giving him the half hour
That a boy counts so much when saved from work.

But he is not allowed even a half hour of childish leisure. Then there are the very troubling lines that the boy may have deliberately hurt himself as the saw

Leaped out at the boy's hand, or seemed to leap—
He must have given the hand. However it was,
Neither refused the meeting.

And they, since they
were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.

The theme of this poem is the fragility of life and the unexpectedness of death.  The title of the poem is an allusion to Shakespeare's play, Macbeth.  In this play, Macbeth has just learned that his wife is dead and he laments her early death.  He says, "out, out brief candle."  The candle is a symbol of life -- in this case the life of the boy.  Candles are finite and their flames are easily extinguished, just like the boy in the poem.  Even though everyone knows that humans will all die at some point, no one in the poem expected that this would be the boy's last day, but he died in a slow instant -- his life was blown out like a candle. 

To me, the theme of this poem is that little decisions can have huge consequences.  If they had stopped working a little earlier, they would not have needed to be called in to supper.  If the girl had been a little more careful, perhaps, the boy would not have been surprised when she called him to supper.  Small things like that end up leading to the loss of the boy's life.

The poem "Out, out--", by Robert Frost, can be interpreted in several ways, as is common with Frost's poetry. But it includes a description of various responses to life's tragedies.   

In this narrative poem, much pathos is created for the young boy whose hand is severed from his arm by a buzz-saw. The accident results in the boy's death.  This accident is shown as being a freak one: if the sister had just called him to supper an half an hour earlier, then the accident would have never occured.  Frost seems to show us how quickly life can be taken away, how quickly everything can change. 

Yet, we also see that the boy was not supposed to die from this accident.  Because he lost his hand, "he saw all spoiled."  The boy could not envision his life without a hand, and indeed farm labor is very difficult with this handicap.  It's as if the boy had not the heart to continue to live. Can we be so devastated by tragic events in our lives that we lose the will to live? 

 Frost shows us that after his death, everyone else "tended to their affairs."  Was the boy's  life meaningless?  Did his life matter? The title refers to Macbeth's speech after learning about his wife's death.  In this speech, Macbeth refers to life as a

walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
 And then is heard no more.

As Frost portrays life moving on from this tragic event, he seems to question the harshness of a lifestyle that allows no time for mourning and continues on as if the boy never lived.   

To me, this poem is exploring the issue of whether bad things are just random things that happen for no reason and can't be explained or whether they are things that we should really examine and try to explain.

In this poem, something horrible happens -- the saw kills the boy.  But so what?  Is this something that just happens and you just say "what can you do about it" and move on?  That is how the family seems to react -- they just go about their business after the boy dies.  Is this really how things should be?  Should we just accept accidents like this stoically and move on?  Or should we try to figure out what went wrong and assign blame?  Should we say that the sister should not have come out and distracted the boy?

I believe that these are the questions that Frost is inviting us to ask as we read this poem.  He wants us to think about whether the things that happen to us are things that we can understand and try to change or if stuff just happens and all we can do is accept it and deal with it.

Robert Frost's poem, "Out, Out—" is a poem written in blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter) in which an unidentified third-person narrator describes a farm accident resulting in the death of a young boy.

It begins with a description of a boy operating a buzz saw, cutting "stove-length sticks of wood". This suggests that the task was cutting up wood to be used in the family's wood stove as part of the boy's regular chores around the farm, as opposed to an actual job. 

The narrator then describes the sun setting over the Vermont mountains, and the boy's sister calling him in to supper. Then:

... At the word, the saw,
As if to prove saws knew what supper meant,
Leaped out at the boy’s hand, ...

The saw cuts off the boy's hand. The boy pleads not to let the doctor amputate the hand, not aware that the hand is already cut off. The doctor uses ether to anesthetize the boy, but the boy dies as he is being treated. The narrator describes the family's reaction:

... And they, since they
Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.

I suggest beginning with the origins of the title as Macbeth's lament after the suicide of his wife Lady Macbeth (from the play by Shakespeare). There is with both deaths an inconvenience suggested. Macbeth is in the midst of fighting to retain the crown, and the woodsman have a job to finish. Both deaths seem to be more of a momentary diversion than a greatly mourned loss.

The poem makes great use of sibilance (repetition of the 's' sound) to emphasise the menacing action of the saw, and the boy's life ebbing away.

The buzz saw snarled and rattled

Frost also makes use of the caesura (an unnatural pause within a line) to suggest the interruption and halting of the day's work - and the life of the boy.

So. But the hand was gone already

The saw is also personified to suggest it is as responsible for the accident as the boy's carelessness or his distractor's voice. It gives the saw a cruel appearance too.