Orientalism does not throw into question the value of Western literature so much as it shows how the West has defined itself against the so-called "Orient" through literature. Said argues that

European culture gained in strength and identity by setting itself off against the Orient as a sort of surrogate and even underground self.

More than that, this was part of a larger process by which Europe came to dominate the "Orient." By "Orient," Said means the Middle and Near East. He writes that fiction writers, historians, social scientists, and others have constructed the "Orient" as an "other," different from the West. The region is portrayed as exotic, mysterious, primitive, even barbaric, and ultimately inferior. In short, any works of Western literature that deal with the "Orient" can be seen as part of this process.

Of the works listed in the question, "The Guest" by Camus is the most obviously relevant. The Arab prisoner in the story is described in exotic terms, and is even portrayed as stupid and slow to grasp his situation. Camus repeatedly describes his "wild eyes" and "thick lips."

In the "Garden of Forking Paths," the main character's efforts to prove himself, as a Chinese man, to white men by serving as a German spy also reflects an understanding of east Asia that fits into Said's analysis. The point is that Orientalism is a way of understanding Western literature that takes the "Orient" as a topic. It is an all-encompassing discourse, a lens for viewing works like "The Guest" and others.