Crane was recognized as a significant figure in the Realist or Naturalist movement of his time. A central question for the Naturalists was whether humans could shape their destiny or if it was predetermined by their surroundings. Essentially, they pondered whether individuals possess free will or are helpless against external forces. Influenced by deterministic philosophies, such as those of Charles Darwin, Auguste Comte, and Karl Marx, the Naturalists explored the various natural forces impacting the "struggle for life." These themes are apparent in "The Open Boat." Even though the four men do everything possible to reach the shore, it remains uncertain until the end whether they will survive or perish. Their fate seems largely dictated by forces beyond their control.

One notable instance is when the correspondent is caught in an underwater current while attempting to swim to shore. He is ensnared by an invisible force he cannot comprehend or escape. Mysteriously, the current eventually releases him, and a massive wave washes him onto the shore. It is evident that Crane attributes the correspondent's survival more to uncontrollable forces than to his personal efforts.